LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Question 0

Spleen “ Red pulp” function ?

Answer 0

phagocytizes erythrocytes and platelets; blood reservoir.

Question 1

Components of lymph?

Answer 1

Water, dissolved solutes, and small amount of protein.

Question 2

Lacteals & lymphatic capillary?

Answer 2

Lacteal absorb lipid soluble substances, whereas lymphatic capillary absorbs interstitial fluid.

Question 3

lymphatic structures ?

Answer 3

Help immune system defend body against infectious agents.

Question 4

primary lymphatic structure & secondary ?

Answer 4

1st: Thymus and red bone marrow

2nd : lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodules.

Question 5

red bone marrow ? thymus?

Answer 5

Red bone marrow -produce formed elements

Thymus - site of T-lymphocyte maturation.

Question 6

*Lymph nodes
*spleen white pulp
*tonsils
Lymph nodules

Answer 6

Lymph nodes: monitor lymph for foreign materials
Spleen White pulp: monitor blood foreign materials
tonsils : protect body against ingested pathogens
Lymph nodules: protect body against harmful substances

Question 7

*lymphatic capillaries: ( anchoring filaments & lacteals) ?

Answer 7

anchoring filaments: hold endothelial cells to nearby structures.
lacteals : absorb lipid soluble from the GI tract

*have one way flaps to allow fluid without exit . closed ended vessels that absorbs interstitial fluid.

Question 8

Movement of lymph ? lymph vessels drains to ?

Answer 8

driving for moving fluid : hydrostatic pressure with interstitial space, increase pressure fluid into lymphatic capillary lumen.
carry valves which prevent backflow in low pressure

• drians to lymph trunks then into ducts

Question 9

Lymphatic ducts is made of ?

Answer 9

1. Right lymphatic ducts

2. thoracic duct

Question 10

Right lymphatic duct ? receives lymph from & returns lymph @

Answer 10

• receive lymph from: right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, right side of the thorax
• return @ right junction of subclavian and internal jugular veins

Question 11

Thoracic duct ? from and drains to ?

Answer 11

Larger of two ducts . * from left subclavian and left jugular veins
* drains lymph from remaining body : left side of head and neck , left upper limb, left side of thorax , abdomen and both lower limb.

Question 12

Thoracic duct has saclike structure at base named for rich lipid lymph?

Answer 12

chyle from vessels draining GI tract. left and right intestinal and lumbar trunks draining here. travels superiorly from cisterna chyli.

Question 13

Red bone marrow ?

Answer 13

responsible for homeopoieis : produce erythrocytes, platelets granulocytes, and agranulocytes.

Question 14

Two major types of Lymphocytes?

Answer 14

B lymphocytes : humoral response cells

T Lymphocytes :cell mediated-response . contains killer T- cells.

Question 15

Thymus ?

Answer 15

Trabeculae, fibrous extensions of the capsule that subdivide lobes into lobules. each lobules with outer cortex and inner medulla:

• cortex with immature lymphocyte
• medulla with mature lymphocyte.

Question 16

Cortex withi the thymus ? germinal center, mantel zone, cortical sinus ?

Answer 16

• Cortical sinus = lined with macrophages.
• Germinal center= houses proliferating B lymphocytes and some macrophages
• Mantel zone= contains T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendrites cells

Question 17

Medulla : Medulla cords and medullary sinus ?

Answer 17

medullary cords = supports strands of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes, and macrophages.

Question 18

Spleen ? function ?

Answer 18

spleen function to filter blood, and white pulp lymphatic cells monitor blood foreign materials and bacteria. blood enter tru central artery (white pulp) tru sinusoids of red pulp : macrophages here phagocytize bacteria and foreign debris.

Question 19

Tonsils? tonsillar crypts?

Answer 19

help and protect against substances inhaled or ingested.

*tonsillar crypts increase surface area to trap material

Question 20

Pharyngeal tonsil location ?
palantine tonsils?
lingual tonsils?

Answer 20

• in posterior wall of nasopharynx, when enlarged termed adenoids
• palatine tonsils in posterolateral oral cavity
• lingual tonsils along posterior one third of tongue.

Question 21

Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue ?

Answer 21

located in gastrointestinal, respiratory, genital, and urinary tracts.
help defend against foreign substances, and prominent in small intestines especially ileum, “Peyer” patches found here.

Question 22

innate immunity and adaptive immunity ? similarities and differencies?

Answer 22

similar in : working together to protect from harmful substances.
*differ in : cells involved , specificity of cellular response, mechanisms of eliminitating harmful substances, amount of time response.

Question 23

innate immunity

Answer 23

• protect against numerous different substances
• respond immediately to potentially harmful agent
• doesnt require previous exposure
• born with these denfenses.

Question 24

Adaptive immunity

Answer 24

• provide powerful means of eliminating foreign substances
• take several days to be effective.
• have a memory