Lymphatic System Flashcards
appendix
ah-PEN-diks
A small, finger-like mass of lymphoid tissue attached to the first part of the large intestine
lymph
Limf
The thin, plasma-like fluid that drains from the tissues and is transported in lymphatic vessels (root: lymph/o)
lymph node
A small mass of lymphoid tissue along the path of a lymphatic vessel that filters lymph (root: lymphaden/o)
Peyer patches
PI-er
Aggregates of lymphoid tissue in the lining of the intestine
lymphatic system
lim-FAT-ik
The system that drains fluid and proteins from the tissues and returns them to the bloodstream; this system also participates in immunity and aids in absorption of fats from the digestive tract
right lymphatic duct
The lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the body’s upper right side
right lymphatic duct
The lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the body’s upper right side
spleen
A large reddish-brown organ in the upper left region of the abdomen; it filters blood and destroys old red blood cells (root: splen/o)
thoracic duct
The lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the upper left side of the body and all of the lower body; left lymphatic duct
thymus
THI-mus
A lymphoid organ in the upper part of the chest beneath the sternum; it functions in immunity (root: thym/o)
tonsil
TON-sil
Small mass of lymphoid tissue located in region of the throat (pharynx)
lymphadenitis
lim-fad-eh-NI-tis
Inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection
lymphangitis
lim-fan-JI-tis
Inflammation of lymphatic vessels as a result of bacterial infection; appears as painful red streaks under the skin
lymphedema
lim-feh-DE-mah
Swelling of tissues with lymph caused by obstruction or excision of lymphatic vessels
lymphoma
lim-FO-mah
Any neoplastic disease of lymphoid tissue
apical pulse
AP-ih-kal
Pulse felt or heard over the heart’s apex; it is measured in the fifth left intercostal space (between the ribs) about 8 to 9 cm from the midline
compliance
The ease with which a structure expands under pressure, as in a blood vessel expanding to receive blood
Korotkoff sounds
ko-ROT-kof
Arterial sounds heard with a stethoscope during determination of blood pressure with a cuff
cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped from the right or left ventricle per minute
perfusion
per-FU-zhun
The passage of fluid, such as blood, through an organ or tissue
precordium
pre-KOR-de-um
The anterior region over the heart and the lower part of the thorax; adjective: precordial
pulse pressure
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each beat
Valsalva maneuver
val-SAL-vah
Bearing down, as in childbirth or defecation, by attempting to exhale forcefully with the nose and throat closed; this action has an effect on the cardiovascular system
bruit
brwe
An abnormal sound heard in auscultation
cardiac tamponade
tam-pon-ADE
Pathologic accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac; may result from pericarditis or injury to the heart or great vessels
ectopic beat
ek-TOP-ik
A heartbeat that originates from some part of the heart other than the SA node
extrasystole
eks-trah-SIS-to-le
Premature heart contraction that occurs separately from the normal beat and originates from a part of the heart other than the SA node
hypotension
hi-po-TEN-shun
A condition of lower-than-normal blood pressure
flutter
Very rapid (200–300 bpm) but regular contractions, as in the atria or the ventricles
intermittent claudication
claw-dih-KA-shun
Pain in a muscle during exercise caused by inadequate blood supply; the pain disappears with rest
mitral valve prolapse
PRO-laps
Movement of the mitral valve cusps into the left atrium when the ventricles contract
occlusive vascular disease
Arteriosclerotic disease of the vessels, usually peripheral vessels
palpitation
pal-pih-TA-shun
A sensation of abnormally rapid or irregular heartbeat
pitting edema
Edema that retains the impression of a finger pressed firmly into the skin
polyarteritis nodosa
no-DO-sah
Potentially fatal collagen disease causing inflammation of small visceral arteries; symptoms depend on the organ affected
Raynaud disease
ra-NO
A disorder characterized by abnormal constriction of peripheral vessels in the arms and legs on exposure to cold
stasis
STA-sis
Stoppage of normal flow, as of blood or urine; blood stasis may lead to dermatitis and ulcer formation
regurgitation
re-gur-jih-TA-shun
A backward flow, such as the backflow of blood through a defective valve
subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
Bacterial growth in a heart or valves previously damaged by rheumatic fever
tetralogy of Fallot
fal-O
A combination of four congenital heart abnormalities: pulmonary artery stenosis, interventricular septal defect, displacement of the aorta to the right, and right ventricular hypertrophy
thromboangiitis obliterans
Inflammation and thrombus formation resulting in occlusion of small vessels, especially in the legs; most common in young men and correlated with heavy smoking; thrombotic occlusion of leg vessels may lead to gangrene of the feet; patients show a hypersensitivity to tobacco; also called Buerger disease
vegetation
Irregular bacterial outgrowths on the heart valves; associated with rheumatic fever
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW)
A cardiac arrhythmia consisting of tachycardia and a premature ventricular beat caused by an alternative conduction pathway
cardiac catheterization
Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vessel to inject a contrast medium for imaging, diagnosis, obtaining samples, or measuring pressure
central venous pressure (CVP)
Pressure in the superior vena cava
Doppler echocardiography
An imaging method used to study the rate and pattern of blood flow
cineangiocardiography
sin-eh-an-je-o-kar-de-OG-rah-fe
The photographic recording of fluoroscopic images of the heart and large vessels using motion picture techniques
Holter monitor
A portable device that can record from 24 hours to 1 month of an individual’s ECG readings during normal activity
homocysteine
ho-mo-SIS-te-ene
An amino acid in the blood that at higher-than-normal levels is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease
plethysmography
pleh-thiz-MOG-rah-fe
Measurement of changes in the size of a part based on the amount of blood contained in or passing through it; impedance plethysmography measures changes in electrical resistance and is used in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis
phlebotomist
fleh-BOT-o-mist
Technician who specializes in drawing blood
phonocardiography
fo-no-kar-de-OG-rah-fe
Electronic recording of heart sounds
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
Pressure measured by a catheter in a branch of the pulmonary artery. It is an indirect measure of pressure in the left atrium
radionuclide heart scan
Imaging of the heart after injection of a radioactive isotope; the PYP (pyrophosphate) scan using technetium-99m (99mTc) is used to test for myocardial infarction because the isotope is taken up by damaged tissue; the MUGA (multigated acquisition) scan gives information on heart function
Swan–Ganz catheter
A cardiac catheter with a balloon at the tip that is used to measure pulmonary arterial pressure; it is flow guided through a vein into the right side of the heart and then into the pulmonary artery
transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)
Use of an ultrasound transducer placed endoscopically into the esophagus to obtain images of the heart
atherectomy
ath-er-EK-to-me
Removal of atheromatous plaque from the lining of a vessel; may be done by open surgery or through the vessel’s lumen
ventriculography
ven-trik-u-LOG-rah-fe
X-ray study of the heart’s ventricles after introduction of an opaque dye by means of a catheter
triglyceride
tri-GLIS-er-ide
Simple fat that circulates in the bloodstream
commissurotomy
kom-ih-shur-OT-o-me
Surgical incision of a scarred mitral valve to increase the size of the valvular opening
embolectomy
em-bo-LEK-to-me
Surgical removal of an embolus
angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)
A drug that blocks tissue receptors for angiotensin II; angiotensin II receptor antagonist
intraaortic balloon pump (IABP)
A mechanical assist device that consists of an inflatable balloon pump inserted through the femoral artery into the thoracic aorta; it inflates during diastole to improve coronary circulation and deflates before systole to allow blood ejection from the heart
ventricular assist device (VAD)
A pump that takes over a ventricle’s function in delivering blood into the pulmonary or systemic circuit; these devices are used to assist patients awaiting heart transplantation or those who are recovering from heart failure; most common is a left ventricular assist device (LVAD)
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
A drug that lowers blood pressure by blocking the formation of angiotensin II, a substance that normally acts to increase blood pressure
antiarrhythmic agent
A drug that regulates the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat
beta-adrenergic blocking agent
Drug that decreases the rate and strength of heart contractions; beta-blocker
Coumadin
KU-mah-din
Drug that inhibits clotting by inhibiting formation of vitamin K, a factor necessary for blood coagulation. Trade name for the generic warfarin
calcium-channel blocker
Drug that controls the rate and force of heart contraction by regulating calcium entrance into the cells
digitalis
dij-ih-TAL-is
A drug that slows and strengthens heart muscle contractions
diuretic
di-u-RET-ik
Drug that eliminates fluid by increasing the kidney’s output of urine; lowered blood volume decreases the heart’s workload
heparin
HEP-ah-rin
Substance that inhibits blood clotting by interfering with the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
hypolipidemic agent
hi-po-lip-ih-DE-mik
Drug that lowers serum cholesterol
lidocaine
LI-do-kane
A local anesthetic that is used intravenously to treat cardiac arrhythmias
loop diuretic
Drug that increases urine output by inhibiting electrolyte reabsorption in the kidney nephrons (loops)
nitroglycerin
ni-tro-GLIS-er-in
A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris to dilate coronary vessels
statins
Drugs that act to lower lipids in the blood; the drug names end with -statin, such as lovastatin, pravastatin, and atorvastatin
streptokinase (SK)
strep-to-KI-nase
An enzyme used to dissolve blood clots
tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
A drug used to dissolve blood clots; it activates production of a substance (plasmin) in the blood that normally dissolves clots
vasodilator
vas-o-di-LA-tor
A drug that widens blood vessels and improves blood flow
