Lymphatic System Flashcards
Disease-fighting cells
lymphocytes
extra body fluid that drains from cells and tissues
lymph/ lymphatic fluid
4 lymphatic organs
To LN S Th
Tonsils
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Function of tonsils
protects nasal and oral cavities by killing germs and preventing them from entering the mouth
Function of lymph nodes
-removes microbes by macrophages
-filters lymph
Function of spleen (blood reservoir)
Filters blood by
-detecting and responding to foreign substance
-destroys old RBC
Function of thymus gland
Produces lymphocytes
lymphocytes produces antibodies, aids in immunity
2 types of of immunity
innate and adaptive
under innate, what are 3 components
physical barriers
chemical mediators
cells of the immune system
Explain physical barriers (innate)
- first line of defense
- skin and mucous serves as barriers against PATHOGENS AND TOXINS
urine, saliva, tears washes away toxins and pathogens to prevent infection
4 examples of chemical mediators
LMHI and function
Lysozyme- found in tears/saliva. kills bacteria
mucous membrane- barrier against microbes
histamine- induce inflammation causing vasodilation
interferons- produce antiviral proteins. protection against infection
6 under cells of the immune system (innate)
NEBMMNk
NEUTROPHILS- phagocytize microorganism. fist to respond but die quickly
EOSINOPHILS- destroy parasites, reduce inflammation
BASOPHILS- produce histamine
MACROPHAGES- enter tissues & protect lymph in lymph nodes and blood in spleen/liver
MAST CELLS- release leukotrienes that promote inflammation
NATURAL KILLER CELLS- detect classes of cells such as tumor cells that cannot eb detected by other immune cells
-chemicals which lyse cells/ destroy membrane
substance that stimulate an immune response ( adaptive immunity)
Antigen
molecule produced by the person’s body that stimulates an immune system response
prevents immune system from attacking cells of the body its producing
self-antigen
proteins the body produces in response to an antigen
antibody
2 types of adaptive immunity
antibody-mediated
cell-mediated
why is adaptive immunity slower effect than innate
it takes time for the body to recognize virus and produce antibodies against the antigen
*antigen is a foreign substance that enters our body. stimulates production of antibodies. antibodies attach to antigen to fight it**
Analogy
B cells: mature in red bone marrow - T cells:_________
B cells: mature in bone marrow - T cells: Thymus gland
Analogy
T cells: Mature in Thymus gland - B cells: _____
T cells: Mature in Thymus gland - B cells: Red bone marrow
B=Bone marrow
This type of immunity is defense that involves specific recognition to a specific antigen
Adaptive immunity
This type of immunity is present at birth
innate immunity
Function of b cells
b cells produce antibodies
Function of t cells
help protect the body from infection and may help fight cancer
Effects of antibodies I B A I F (5)
inactivate antigens
binds antigen
active complement cascades
initiate release of inflammatory chemicals
facilitate phagocytosis (elimination of particles)
Meaning of cell-mediated immunity
there is no need to produce antibodies to have immunity
4 types of t-cells under cell-mediated immunity and their function
- Helper T Cells (TH)- activate macrophages
- Cytotoxic T cells- precursor to CTL
- Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) - destroy antigen on contact
- Regulatory t cells- turn off immune system response when antigen is gone
2 types of adaptive immunity
naturally acquired immunity & artificially acquired immunity
What is naturally acquired active immunity
Exposure to antigens produces antibodies
ex. chicken pox
measles
What is naturally acquired passive immunity
Transfer of antibodies
ex. breastmilk from mom to baby
- through placenta
What is artificially-acquired active immunity
Vaccines triggers antibodies production
ex. covid vaccine, anti tetanus
What is artificially-acquired passive immunity
transfer of antibodies of one to another ex. plasma from a recovered patient
ex. plasma transfer
Function of IgG
activates compliment and increases phagocytosis
“phaGocytosis”
Function of Igm
as antigen binding receptor on the surface of b cells
for transfusion reactions in blood system
“MTRbc… - M= Transfusion Reactions”
Function of IgA
protects body surface/ to newborn
“A=Asa labas = Surface = Body surface”
Function of IgE
stimulates inflammatory response
“E= Enflammatory”
Function of IgD
As antigen-binding receptor on b cells
D= DING ang bato so
antigen-binDING receptor
This is a protein secreted by a cell that regulates OTHER CELL
cytokines
