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Chapter 13-15 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions (LYMPHATIC SYSTEM)

A

Fluid Balance
Fat Absorption
Defense

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2
Q

LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES AND VESSELS

A

LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES
LYMPHATIC VESSELS
RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT
THORACIC DDUC

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3
Q

tiny, closed-ended vessels consisting of simple squamous epithelium
(LS)

A

LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES

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4
Q

resemble small veins; formed
when lymphatic capillaries join together

A

Lymphatic Vessels

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5
Q

lymphatic vessels from the right upper limb and the right half of the head, neck and chest; empties into the right subclavian vein

A

RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT

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6
Q

lymphatic vessels from the rest of
the body; empties into the left subclavian vein

A

THORACIC DUCT

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7
Q

LYMPHATIC ORGANS

A

Tonsils, Lymph Nodes, Spleen, Thymus

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8
Q

consists of many lymphocytes
and other cells, such as macrophages; found within lymphatic organs

A

LYMPHATIC TISSUE

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9
Q

TONSILS

A

Palatine, Pharyngeal, Lingual

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10
Q

located on each side of the
posterior opening of the oral cavity; usually referred to as “the tonsils”

A

PALATINE TONSILS

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11
Q

located near the internal opening of the nasal cavity
(TONSILS)

A

Pharyngeal Tonsil

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12
Q

enlarged pharyngeal tonsil

A

ADENOID

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13
Q

on the posterior surface of the
tongue (TONSILS)

A

Lingual Tonsils

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14
Q

Rounded structures, varying from the size of a small seed to that of a shelled almond

A

LYMPH NODES

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15
Q

dense connective tissue that surrounds each lymph node

A

CAPSULE

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16
Q

extensions of the capsule

A

TRABECULAE

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17
Q

dense aggregations of tissue form from lymphocytes and other cells

A

LYMPHATIC NODULES

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18
Q

spaces between the lymphatic
tissues that contain macrophages on a network of fibers

A

Lymphatic Sinuses

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19
Q

lymphatic nodules containing the rapidly dividing lymphocytes

A

Germinal Centers

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20
Q

• Roughly the size of a clenched fist and is located in
the left, superior corner of the abdominal cavity
• Has an outer capsule of dense CT and a small
amount of smooth muscle

A

SPLEEN

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21
Q

divide the spleen into small, interconnected compartments containing 2 specialized
types of lymphatic tissue

A

Trabeculae

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22
Q

surrounds the arteries within the spleen

A

WHITE PULP

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23
Q

associated with the veins (spleen)

A

RED PULP

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24
Q

Bilobed gland roughly triangular in shape
Site for maturation of lymphocytes

A

THYMUS

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25
Q

thin connective tissue that surrounds each lobe (thymus)

A

CAPSULE

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26
Q

divide each lobe into lobules (thymus)

A

trabeculae

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27
Q

dark-staining areas where lymphocytes are
numerous

A

Cortex

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28
Q

lighter-staining, central portion of the
lobules; has fewer lymphocytes (thymus)

A

Medulla

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29
Q

The lymphatic system removes fluid from tissues, absorbs fats from the small intestine, and produces
B cells and T cells, which are responsible for much
of immunity.

A
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30
Q

The ability to resist damage from foreign
substances – such as microorganisms, harmful
chemicals, and internal threats

A

IMMUNITY

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31
Q

nonspecific resistance; the body
recognizes and destroys certain foreign substances, but
the response to them is the same each time the body is exposed.

A

INNATE IMMUNITY

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32
Q

specific immunity; the body recognizes and destroys certain foreign substances, but
the response to them improves each time the foreign substance is encountered.

A

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

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33
Q

ability of adaptive immunity to recognize a particular substance

A

SPECIFICITY

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34
Q

ability of the adaptive immunity to
“remember” previous encounters with a particular substance

A

MEMORY

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35
Q

PHYSICAL BARRIERS prevent microorganisms and chemicals from entering the body in two ways:

A
  1. Skin and mucous membranes FORM BARRIERS that
    prevent their entry
  2. Tears, saliva, and urine WASH these substances from body surfaces
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36
Q

molecules responsible for many aspects of innate immunity

A

CHEMICAL MEDIATORS

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37
Q

group of approximately 20 proteins found in plasma

A

complement

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38
Q

are proteins that protect the body against viral infections

A

interferons

39
Q

Most important cellular components of immunity

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

40
Q

Important chemicals known to attract WBC:

A

Complement, Leukotrienes, Kinins, Histamine

41
Q

movement of WBC toward these chemicals

A

CHEMOTAXIS

42
Q

the ingestion and destruction of particles by cells called phagocytes

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

43
Q

small phagocytic cells that are usually the first cells to enter infected tissues

A

Neutrophils

44
Q

accumulation of fluid, dead neutrophils, and other cells at a site of infection

A

PUS

45
Q

monocytes that leave the blood, enter tissues, and enlarge about fivefold

A

macrophages

46
Q

phagocytes ith a single (mono), unlobed nucleus

A

MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTIC SYSTEM

47
Q

macrophages in the lungs

A

Dust cells

48
Q

CELLS OF INFLAMMATION

A

Basophils
Mast cells
Eosinophils

49
Q

motile WBCs that can leave the blood and enter infected tissues

A

BASOPHILS

50
Q

nonmotile cells in CT, esp. near capillaries

A

MAST CELLS

51
Q

produced in red bone marrow; enter the blood, and within a few minutes enter tissues

A

EOSINOPHILS

52
Q

Type of lymphocyte produced in RBM, account up to
15% of lymphocytes
Recognize classes of cells, such as tumor cells or virus-infected cells in general; causes these cells to lyse

A

Natural Killer Cells

53
Q

confined to a specific area of the body (inflammatory response)

A

Local Inflammation

54
Q

Symptoms of local inflammation

A

redness, heat, swelling, pain, and
loss of function

55
Q

generally distributed throughout the body (inflammatory response)

A

Systemic Inflammation

56
Q

symptoms of systemic inflammation

A

increase in neutrophil numbers
fever
shock

57
Q

substances that stimulate adaptive
immune responses

A

ANTIGENS

58
Q

introduced from outside the body (Ex: bacteria, viruses, chemicals released by microorganisms)

A

FOREIGN ANTIGENS

59
Q

caused by foreign antigens that produce an overreaction of the immune system

A

allergic reaction

60
Q

molecules of the body produces
to stimulate and immune system response (antigens)

A

Self-Antigens

61
Q

results when self-antigens stimulate unwanted destruction of normal tissue

A

Autoimmune Disease

62
Q

involves proteins called antibodies, which are found in the plasma

A

ANTIBODY MEDIATED IMMUNITY

63
Q

lymphocyte that produces antibodies

A

B cells

64
Q

involves the actions
of a second type of lymphocyte, called T cells

A

Cell-Mediated Immunity

65
Q

lyse virus-infected cells, tumor cells, and tissue transplants

A

CYTOTOXIC T CELLS

66
Q

promote inflammation and phagocytosis

A

Cytokines

67
Q

inhibit the activities of both AMI and CMI

A

HELPER T CELLS

68
Q

Give rise to all the blood cells

A

Stem cells

69
Q

small groups of identical B cells or T cells that are form during embryonic development

A

Clones

70
Q

proteins of the lymphocytes

A

Antigen receptors

71
Q

antigen receptors on B cells

A

B cell Receptors

72
Q

antigen receptors on T cells

A

T-cell receptors

73
Q

glycoproteins that have binding
sites for antigens

A

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC)
MOLECULES

74
Q

achieved by cytokines (regulator of neighboring cells)

A

COSTIMULATION

75
Q

is a cytokine released by macrophages that can stimulate helper T cells

A

Interleukin-1

76
Q

binds to _________ receptors
and stimulates the helper T cells to divide

A

interleukin-2

77
Q

when helper T cells stimulate B cells to divide and differentiate into cells that produce antibodies

A

B-cell Proliferation

78
Q

proteins produced in response to an antigen

A

Antibodies

79
Q

part of the antibody that combines with the antigen

A

VARIABLE REGION

80
Q

the rest of the antibody

A

CONSTANT REGION

81
Q

other name for antibodies

A

GAMMA GLOBULINS

82
Q

part of the plasma where antibodies and found

A

IMMUNOGLOBULINS

83
Q

What are the effects of antibodies?

A

Directly inactivate antigens or cause them to clump together
Indirectly destroy antigens by promoting
phagocytosis and inflammation

84
Q

results from the first exposure of a B cell to an antigen

A

PRIMARY RESPONSE

85
Q

produce antibodies

A

PLASMA CELLS

86
Q

responsible of the secondary response

A

MEMORY B CELLS

87
Q

occurs when the immune system is exposed to an antigen against which it has already produced a primary response

A

SECONDARY RESPONSE / MEMORY RESPONSE

88
Q

A function of cytotoxic T cells and is most effective against microorganisms inside body cells

A

Cell-Mediated Immunity

89
Q

Results from natural exposure to an antigen

A

Active Natural Immunity

90
Q

An antigen is deliberately introduced into an
individual to stimulate the immune system

A

Active Artificial Immunity

91
Q

Results when antibodies are transferred from a mother to a child across the placenta before birth

A

Passive Natural Immunity

92
Q

Transfer of antibodies from an animal to a person

A

Passive Artificial Immunity

93
Q

Innate immunity, antibody-mediated immunity, and cell-mediated immunity can function together to
eliminate an antigen

A
94
Q

Treats disease by altering immune system function or by directly attacking harmful cells

A

IMMUNOTHERAPY

Chapter 13-15 (3 decks)

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