lymphatic/immunity

Question 1

lymph vessels include:

Answer 1

Lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
ducts

Question 2

Primary lymphoid organs

Answer 2

red bone marrow

thymus

Question 3

secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 3

lymph nodes, spleen

Question 4

Functions of lymphatic system

Answer 4

Drain excess intersitial fluid
absorb digested lipids from small intestine
major location for “adaptive” immune responses
Site of resident macrophages

Question 5

lymph

Answer 5

located within lymphatic vessels and lymphatic tissue

Question 6

Intersitial fluid

Answer 6

found between cells

Question 7

Plasma

Answer 7

helps to form interstitial fluid

Question 8

How is lymph formed?

Answer 8

Once intersistial fluid passes into lymphatic vessel it becomes lymph

Question 9

The thoracic duct joins the venous system as it empties into the ______vein. It drains what general body areas?

Answer 9

Left subclavian jugular

neck, head, chest and upper limbs

Question 10

The right lymphatic duct joins the venous system as it empties into the ______vein. It drains what general body areas?

Answer 10

Right internal jugular

Upper right side of body

Question 11

How does blockage of lymph flow cause lymphedema

Answer 11

if lymph is blocked it can’t accept any additional ISF and excess ISF = Edema

Question 12

List some factors that assist the flow of lymph

Answer 12

Valves
protein
skeletal muscle pumps
respiratory pumps

Question 13

Where is the thymus gland located?

Answer 13

mediastinum between sternum and aorta

Question 14

Function of thymus gland

Answer 14

promotes maturation of T-Cells

Question 15

Where is the spleen?

Answer 15

left hypochondriac region between stomach/diaphram

Question 16

functions of spleen

Answer 16

filters blood, helps immune system recognize foreign antibodies, destroys blood-born pathogens

Question 17

Functions of lymph nodes

Answer 17

filter

slows the flow

Question 18

lymph nodes filter

Answer 18

lymph

Question 19

spleen filter…

Answer 19

blood

Question 20

what tonsil is commonly referred to as adenoids?

Answer 20

pharyngeal

(is single, located in the nasopharynx

Question 21

what tonsil is paired, located near the base of the tongue?

Answer 21

Lingual

Question 22

What tonsil is paired, located in the posterior oral cavity; usually what is referred to with the term “tonsils”

Answer 22

Paletine

Question 23

what is the functional significance of the location of the tonsils?

Answer 23

to participate in immune responses against inhaled or ingested foreign substances

Question 24

Second line of defense

Answer 24

internal antimicrobial substances, phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation, and fever.

Question 25

Protein produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts.

Answer 25

interferon

Question 26

group of inactive proteins in blood plasma and on plasma membranes, complement or enhance certain immune reactions; causes cytosis (bursting) of microbes, contributes to inflammation

Answer 26

Complement

Question 27

most important phagocytes

Answer 27

neutrophils and macrophages

Question 28

phagocytosis is a defense mechanism because.....

Answer 28

they injest unwanted debris and play a role in adaptive immunity

Question 29

general function of inflammatory response

Answer 29

defensive response of the body to tissue damage

Question 30

what two types of white blood cells are the significant phagocytes in the inflammatory response

Answer 30

neutrophils and macrophage (monocytes)

Question 31

arrives at scene first but does not last long

Answer 31

neutrophils

Question 32

arrives later but is effective for a longer period?

Answer 32

Macrophage

Question 33

Four cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 33

Redness pain heat and swelling

Question 34

antigen

Answer 34

foreign substance-ability of the body to defend itself against invading agents

Question 35

examples of antigens

Answer 35

MHC, Helper T, B Cell, cytotoxic

Question 36

major cell type of the adaptive immune response

Answer 36

B and T Cells

Question 37

where do B and T cells develop?

Answer 37

Primary lymphatic organs | red bone marrow and thymus

Question 38

A particular lymphocyte is capable of recognizing____different type of antigen

Answer 38

ONE

Question 39

A lymphocyte gains the capacity to recognize a particular antigen _____contact with it

Answer 39

AFTER

Question 40

responsible for cell mediated immune response originate from stem cells in red bone marrow mature in thymus attack invaders directly two types are helper and cytotoxic cells attack antigen found within body cells produce memory cells

Answer 40

T-lymphocytes

Question 41

Originate from stem cells in red bone marrow mature in red bone marrow responsible for the humural immune response secrete antibodies when activated, become plasma cells attack antigen found outside of body produce memory cells

Answer 41

B-lymphocytes

Question 42

what is the function of helper t cells?

Answer 42

aid the immune system responses of both cell mediated and antibody mediated immunity

Question 43

small hormones that stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions, like cell growth and differentiation

Answer 43

cytokines

Question 44

what cells produce cytokines

Answer 44

lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells.

Question 45

secretes antibodies formed from activation of B-cells involved in humural immunity

Answer 45

Plasma

Question 46

Stimulates multiplication of both B and killer T cells | also known as CD4 cells.

Answer 46

Helper T Cells

Question 47

destroys antigen-bearing cells by disrupting plasma membrane involved in cell-mediated immunity also known as CD8 also known as killer T cells

Answer 47

Cytotoxic T-Cells

Question 48

engulf and display antigens on their surface MHC's

Answer 48

antigen-presenting cell | dendritic, B-Cells, macrophages

Question 49

mediator of secondary immune response

Answer 49

Memory

Question 50

several ways in which antigen-antibody complexes can destroy antigens

Answer 50

1) Neutrolizing antigen (antitoxins) 2) Immobilzing bacteria 3) agglutinating and precipitating antigen 4) activating complement 5) Enhance phagocytosis

Question 51

Three functions of activated complement proteins

Answer 51

Destroy microbes by causing phagocytosis, cytolysis, and inflammation causes inflammation prevents excessive damage to body tissue

Question 52

First exposure to a specific antigen result in the _____immune response. Subsequent exposure to the same antigen results in the _____immune response

Answer 52

Primary | Secondary

Question 53

Immunity is provided by_____cells and involves the activities of the _____immune response

Answer 53

B and T cells | Secondary

Question 54

contracting and recovering from a case of the measles

Answer 54

natural active immunity

Question 55

receiving a flu shot

Answer 55

Artificial active immunity

Question 56

receiving and injection of gamma globulin

Answer 56

Artificial passive immunity

Question 57

newborn immunity gained from placental transfer of maternal antibodies or in mother's milk

Answer 57

Natural passive immunity

Question 58

May be life-long

Answer 58

Natural artificial and natural active

Question 59

Temporary immunity

Answer 59

Natural Passive

Question 60

gained through action of memory cells

Answer 60

natural active and artificial active

Question 61

receiving an injection of tetanus antitoxin

Answer 61

artificial passive