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lymphatic system > lymphatic/immunity > Flashcards

lymphatic/immunity Flashcards

1
Q

lymph vessels include:

A

Lymphatic capillaries
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
ducts

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2
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

red bone marrow

thymus

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3
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes, spleen

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4
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A

Drain excess intersitial fluid
absorb digested lipids from small intestine
major location for “adaptive” immune responses
Site of resident macrophages

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5
Q

lymph

A

located within lymphatic vessels and lymphatic tissue

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6
Q

Intersitial fluid

A

found between cells

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7
Q

Plasma

A

helps to form interstitial fluid

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8
Q

How is lymph formed?

A

Once intersistial fluid passes into lymphatic vessel it becomes lymph

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9
Q

The thoracic duct joins the venous system as it empties into the ______vein. It drains what general body areas?

A

Left subclavian jugular

neck, head, chest and upper limbs

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10
Q

The right lymphatic duct joins the venous system as it empties into the ______vein. It drains what general body areas?

A

Right internal jugular

Upper right side of body

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11
Q

How does blockage of lymph flow cause lymphedema

A

if lymph is blocked it can’t accept any additional ISF and excess ISF = Edema

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12
Q

List some factors that assist the flow of lymph

A

Valves
protein
skeletal muscle pumps
respiratory pumps

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13
Q

Where is the thymus gland located?

A

mediastinum between sternum and aorta

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14
Q

Function of thymus gland

A

promotes maturation of T-Cells

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15
Q

Where is the spleen?

A

left hypochondriac region between stomach/diaphram

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16
Q

functions of spleen

A

filters blood, helps immune system recognize foreign antibodies, destroys blood-born pathogens

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17
Q

Functions of lymph nodes

A

filter

slows the flow

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18
Q

lymph nodes filter

A

lymph

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19
Q

spleen filter…

A

blood

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20
Q

what tonsil is commonly referred to as adenoids?

A

pharyngeal

(is single, located in the nasopharynx

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21
Q

what tonsil is paired, located near the base of the tongue?

A

Lingual

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22
Q

What tonsil is paired, located in the posterior oral cavity; usually what is referred to with the term “tonsils”

A

Paletine

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23
Q

what is the functional significance of the location of the tonsils?

A

to participate in immune responses against inhaled or ingested foreign substances

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24
Q

Second line of defense

A

internal antimicrobial substances, phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation, and fever.

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25
Q

Protein produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts.

A

interferon

26
Q

group of inactive proteins in blood plasma and on plasma membranes, complement or enhance certain immune reactions; causes cytosis (bursting) of microbes, contributes to inflammation

A

Complement

27
Q

most important phagocytes

A

neutrophils and macrophages

28
Q

phagocytosis is a defense mechanism because…..

A

they injest unwanted debris and play a role in adaptive immunity

29
Q

general function of inflammatory response

A

defensive response of the body to tissue damage

30
Q

what two types of white blood cells are the significant phagocytes in the inflammatory response

A

neutrophils and macrophage (monocytes)

31
Q

arrives at scene first but does not last long

A

neutrophils

32
Q

arrives later but is effective for a longer period?

A

Macrophage

33
Q

Four cardinal signs of inflammation

A

Redness
pain
heat and swelling

34
Q

antigen

A

foreign substance-ability of the body to defend itself against invading agents

35
Q

examples of antigens

A

MHC, Helper T, B Cell, cytotoxic

36
Q

major cell type of the adaptive immune response

A

B and T Cells

37
Q

where do B and T cells develop?

A

Primary lymphatic organs

red bone marrow and thymus

38
Q

A particular lymphocyte is capable of recognizing____different type of antigen

A

ONE

39
Q

A lymphocyte gains the capacity to recognize a particular antigen _____contact with it

A

AFTER

40
Q

responsible for cell mediated immune response
originate from stem cells in red bone marrow
mature in thymus
attack invaders directly
two types are helper and cytotoxic cells
attack antigen found within body cells
produce memory cells

A

T-lymphocytes

41
Q

Originate from stem cells in red bone marrow
mature in red bone marrow
responsible for the humural immune response
secrete antibodies
when activated, become plasma cells
attack antigen found outside of body
produce memory cells

A

B-lymphocytes

42
Q

what is the function of helper t cells?

A

aid the immune system responses of both cell mediated and antibody mediated immunity

43
Q

small hormones that stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions, like cell growth and differentiation

A

cytokines

44
Q

what cells produce cytokines

A

lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells.

45
Q

secretes antibodies
formed from activation of B-cells
involved in humural immunity

A

Plasma

46
Q

Stimulates multiplication of both B and killer T cells

also known as CD4 cells.

A

Helper T Cells

47
Q

destroys antigen-bearing cells by disrupting plasma membrane
involved in cell-mediated immunity
also known as CD8
also known as killer T cells

A

Cytotoxic T-Cells

48
Q

engulf and display antigens on their surface MHC’s

A

antigen-presenting cell

dendritic, B-Cells, macrophages

49
Q

mediator of secondary immune response

A

Memory

50
Q

several ways in which antigen-antibody complexes can destroy antigens

A

1) Neutrolizing antigen (antitoxins)
2) Immobilzing bacteria
3) agglutinating and precipitating antigen
4) activating complement
5) Enhance phagocytosis

51
Q

Three functions of activated complement proteins

A

Destroy microbes by causing phagocytosis, cytolysis, and inflammation
causes inflammation
prevents excessive damage to body tissue

52
Q

First exposure to a specific antigen result in the _____immune response. Subsequent exposure to the same antigen results in the _____immune response

A

Primary

Secondary

53
Q

Immunity is provided by_____cells and involves the activities of the _____immune response

A

B and T cells

Secondary

54
Q

contracting and recovering from a case of the measles

A

natural active immunity

55
Q

receiving a flu shot

A

Artificial active immunity

56
Q

receiving and injection of gamma globulin

A

Artificial passive immunity

57
Q

newborn immunity gained from placental transfer of maternal antibodies or in mother’s milk

A

Natural passive immunity

58
Q

May be life-long

A

Natural artificial and natural active

59
Q

Temporary immunity

A

Natural Passive

60
Q

gained through action of memory cells

A

natural active and artificial active

61
Q

receiving an injection of tetanus antitoxin

A

artificial passive

lymphatic system (1 decks)

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