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Anatomy of Lymphatic and Immune System > Lymphatic and Immune system > Flashcards

Lymphatic and Immune system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the lymphatic system?

A

provide drainage for body fluids and bring it back to the blood stream

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2
Q

what makes the immune system and its role?

A

made up of cells and organs that help to eradicate pathogens by neutralizing or destroying to prevent disease and death

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3
Q

define interstitial fluid?

A

plasma filtering out of the bloodstream and into the tissue spaces

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4
Q

define lymph

A

interstitial fluid that entered the lymphatic system

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5
Q

what occurs in lymphedema?

A

when there is blockage due to cancers, or injury it triggers an accumulation of protein-rich interstitial fluid

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6
Q

how are lymphatic vessels important?

A

able to transfer immune system cells, dietary lipids, fat soluble vitamins

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7
Q

where can lymph be found?

A

near the groin, armpits, neck, chest and abdomen

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8
Q

How are fluids able to move in the lymphatic system?

A

by movements in the body, contraction of skeletal muscles and breathing

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9
Q

what valve is responsible for moving the lymph toward the heart

A

semi-lunar valves or one-way valves

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10
Q

what occurs in the lymphatic capillaries?

A

interstitial fluid enters the system which converts to lymph fluid

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11
Q

where are lymphatic capillaries found in the body?

A

found among the arterioles and venules of circulatory sys, found in the soft connective tissues of the body

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12
Q

what is the purpose of endothelial flaps?

A

to prevent backflow of interstitial fluid in the lymphatic capillaries.

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13
Q

what are lymphatic trunks?

A

superficial and deep lymphatics that form to make large lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

what makes the immune system?

A

barriers, cells, and soluble proteins work together to protect the body

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15
Q

What are the three temporal phases of immune function?

A

barrier defenses, innate immune response, adaptive immune response

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16
Q

what are barrier defenses?

A

are the skin and mucous membranes that help to protect body tissues from pathogens

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17
Q

what are the types of lymphocytes

A

B and T cells

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18
Q

what are secondary lymphoid organs

A

spleen and lymph nodes

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19
Q

what is the primary role of B cells

A

making antibodies

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20
Q

what are antibodies

A

group of proteins that binds to pathogen associated molecules or antigens

21
Q

what is an antigen

A

found on the surface of a pathogen and binds to T or B lymphocyte antigen receptors

22
Q

Role of T cells?

A

secretion of soluble factors for adaptive immune response or destroying cells that are infected with pathogens, or releases chemical messengers

23
Q

what are plasma cells?

A

a B cell that has differentiated due to antigen binding and is able to secrete soluble antibodies

24
Q

Which immune response is natural killers responsible for?

A

innate immune response

25
Q

what is found in natural killer cells?

A

has cytotoxic granules that are cell killing

26
Q

why are natural killer cells important for the immune system?

A

help to fight against viruses and specific cancers

27
Q

what are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

bone marrow and thymus gland

28
Q

where are blood cells made in the bone marrow?

A

yolk sac

29
Q

what occurs in the red bone marrow?

A

hematopoiesis

30
Q

what does yellow bone marrow contain?

A

fat cells and is used for energy storage

31
Q

where is the thymus found?

A

between the sternum and aorta of the heart

32
Q

what does the thymus contain?

A

thymocytes, epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells

33
Q

what is the role of lymph nodes?

A

to remove waste and pathogens from the lymph, act as a filter

34
Q

how are dendritic cells and macrophages helpful for lymph nodes?

A

able to kill pathogens

35
Q

what is the name of the vessels that are the routes directing towards the lymph node called?

A

afferent lymphatic vessels

36
Q

what is the name of the vessels that are routes to leave the lymph nodes

A

efferent lymphatic vessels

37
Q

what is the role of the spleen?

A

to remove microbes, dying red blood cells, and other materials in the blood with the help of macrophages and dendritic cells

38
Q

what do lymphoid nodules contain?

A

lymphocytes

39
Q

where are lymphoid nodules located?

A

respiratory and digestive tracts

40
Q

why are tonsils important for immunity?

A

have tonsillar crypts that help children recognize pathogens

41
Q

what type of immune response is effective in defending the body against pathogens?

A

adaptive immune system bc it is specific

42
Q

what is the primary barrier that defends the body

A

skin

43
Q

how is the skin able to protect the body from pathogens

A

has a layer of dead keratinized epithelium that prevents growth of bacteria

44
Q

how does saliva protect the body from bacteria?

A

contains lysozyme which helps to eat the cells walls of bacteria

45
Q

describe phagocytosis?

A

phagocytes that surround and eat cells that are pathogenic and a process to get rid of waste and old cells

46
Q

what process is natural killer cells able to induce?

A

apoptosis- programmed cell death

47
Q

What are the two mechanisms that NK cells are able to conduct for apoptosis?

A

responding to chemical signals and expressing the fas ligand, or releasing perforins and granzymes

48
Q

what is pattern recognition receptor?

A

the ability of the body to recognize pathogens and molecules that is released by stressed or damaged cells through a receptor

Anatomy of Lymphatic and Immune System (1 decks)

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