Lymphatic and Immune system Flashcards
What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
provide drainage for body fluids and bring it back to the blood stream
what makes the immune system and its role?
made up of cells and organs that help to eradicate pathogens by neutralizing or destroying to prevent disease and death
define interstitial fluid?
plasma filtering out of the bloodstream and into the tissue spaces
define lymph
interstitial fluid that entered the lymphatic system
what occurs in lymphedema?
when there is blockage due to cancers, or injury it triggers an accumulation of protein-rich interstitial fluid
how are lymphatic vessels important?
able to transfer immune system cells, dietary lipids, fat soluble vitamins
where can lymph be found?
near the groin, armpits, neck, chest and abdomen
How are fluids able to move in the lymphatic system?
by movements in the body, contraction of skeletal muscles and breathing
what valve is responsible for moving the lymph toward the heart
semi-lunar valves or one-way valves
what occurs in the lymphatic capillaries?
interstitial fluid enters the system which converts to lymph fluid
where are lymphatic capillaries found in the body?
found among the arterioles and venules of circulatory sys, found in the soft connective tissues of the body
what is the purpose of endothelial flaps?
to prevent backflow of interstitial fluid in the lymphatic capillaries.
what are lymphatic trunks?
superficial and deep lymphatics that form to make large lymphatic vessels
what makes the immune system?
barriers, cells, and soluble proteins work together to protect the body
What are the three temporal phases of immune function?
barrier defenses, innate immune response, adaptive immune response
what are barrier defenses?
are the skin and mucous membranes that help to protect body tissues from pathogens
what are the types of lymphocytes
B and T cells
what are secondary lymphoid organs
spleen and lymph nodes
what is the primary role of B cells
making antibodies
what are antibodies
group of proteins that binds to pathogen associated molecules or antigens
what is an antigen
found on the surface of a pathogen and binds to T or B lymphocyte antigen receptors
Role of T cells?
secretion of soluble factors for adaptive immune response or destroying cells that are infected with pathogens, or releases chemical messengers
what are plasma cells?
a B cell that has differentiated due to antigen binding and is able to secrete soluble antibodies
Which immune response is natural killers responsible for?
innate immune response
what is found in natural killer cells?
has cytotoxic granules that are cell killing
why are natural killer cells important for the immune system?
help to fight against viruses and specific cancers
what are the primary lymphoid organs?
bone marrow and thymus gland
where are blood cells made in the bone marrow?
yolk sac
what occurs in the red bone marrow?
hematopoiesis
what does yellow bone marrow contain?
fat cells and is used for energy storage
where is the thymus found?
between the sternum and aorta of the heart
what does the thymus contain?
thymocytes, epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells
what is the role of lymph nodes?
to remove waste and pathogens from the lymph, act as a filter
how are dendritic cells and macrophages helpful for lymph nodes?
able to kill pathogens
what is the name of the vessels that are the routes directing towards the lymph node called?
afferent lymphatic vessels
what is the name of the vessels that are routes to leave the lymph nodes
efferent lymphatic vessels
what is the role of the spleen?
to remove microbes, dying red blood cells, and other materials in the blood with the help of macrophages and dendritic cells
what do lymphoid nodules contain?
lymphocytes
where are lymphoid nodules located?
respiratory and digestive tracts
why are tonsils important for immunity?
have tonsillar crypts that help children recognize pathogens
what type of immune response is effective in defending the body against pathogens?
adaptive immune system bc it is specific
what is the primary barrier that defends the body
skin
how is the skin able to protect the body from pathogens
has a layer of dead keratinized epithelium that prevents growth of bacteria
how does saliva protect the body from bacteria?
contains lysozyme which helps to eat the cells walls of bacteria
describe phagocytosis?
phagocytes that surround and eat cells that are pathogenic and a process to get rid of waste and old cells
what process is natural killer cells able to induce?
apoptosis- programmed cell death
What are the two mechanisms that NK cells are able to conduct for apoptosis?
responding to chemical signals and expressing the fas ligand, or releasing perforins and granzymes
what is pattern recognition receptor?
the ability of the body to recognize pathogens and molecules that is released by stressed or damaged cells through a receptor
