Lymph Nodes & Spleen

Question 1

which is a thymus dependant zone?

Answer 1

paracortex

Question 2

what are the stations for filtration?

Answer 2

lymph nodes

Question 3

lymphatic capillaries are made up of?

Answer 3

single layer of endothelium and interrupted basal lamina

Question 4

absence of pericyte is seen in?

Answer 4

lymphatic capillaries

Question 5

functions of lymphatic vessels

Answer 5

1. remove lymph from the interstitial spaces and return it to the blood.
2. remove larger molecules which cannot be carried by capillaries as fat droplets and bacteria . this is due to the gaps btw the endothelial cells and interrupted basal lamina

Question 6

differences of lymphatic vessels with venules

Answer 6

they have larger diameter and thinner walls , have bicuspid valves more numerous than veins, to control the lymph flow in one direction. beaded appearance.

Question 7

inflammation of lymphatic vessels is called ? their appearance and symptoms

Answer 7

lymphangitis, occurs in the skin as red lines that are painful.

Question 8

what is the main basic structure of lymphatic tissue?

Answer 8

lymphocytes T and B

Question 9

what are the primary and secondary lymphatic organs?

Answer 9

1ry - bone marrow and thymus

2ry - lymph nodes , spleen and tonsils.

Question 10

reticular connective tissue is stained with ____ stain and is ____ in colour?

Answer 10

silver ; brown

Question 11

1ry lymphatic nodules [follicles] contains?

Answer 11

B- lymphocytes

Question 12

paracortex contains ?

Answer 12

T - lymphocytes

Question 13

valves found in lymphatic vessels help the lymph to move in one direction. name the valve.

Answer 13

bicuspid valves

Question 14

____ enters and ____ leaves the lymph nodes at the hilum.

Answer 14

ateries; veins

Question 15

the most common cell present in cortex and medulla of lymph nodes?

Answer 15

b - lymphocytes

Question 16

lymphoblasts and lymphocytes are found in the?

Answer 16

germinal centres

Question 17

largest single intra abdominal hemolymphatic organ

Answer 17

spleen

Question 18

in spleen capsule is covered by?

Answer 18

peritoneum

Question 19

only few afferent vessels are found in the capsule of?

Answer 19

spleen

Question 20

the capsule of lymph node is covered by?

Answer 20

adipose tissue, fascia, smooth muscles & elastic fibres

Question 21

the capsule of ____ has many afferent and efferent lymph vessels.

Answer 21

lymph node

Question 22

the trabeculae is ___ and ___ in ___ and ___ respectively and descends and ascends from ____ & ____ respectively.

Answer 22

thin - lymph node : descends from the surface of the capsule.
thick - spleen : arises from the hilum

Question 23

trabeculae of spleen is rich in ___ & ___.

Answer 23

elastic fibres and smooth muscles.

Question 24

the trabeculae divides the spleen into ___ compartments. comment about the trabeculae in the lymph nodes.

Answer 24

1. Irregular
2. In lymph nodes the trabeculae divides the cortex into regular compartments and the medulla into irregular compartments.

Question 25

the reticular C.T network of spleen is stained with?

Answer 25

silver

Question 26

central arteriole aka?

Answer 26

follicular arteriole

Question 27

what are the four different zones of the central arteriole from inside to outside?

Answer 27

1. thymus dependant zone ( PeriArteriolar Lymphatic Sheath) - PALS [ contains T - lymphocytes ]
2. germinal centre [ lightly stained central area . formed of B - Lymphocytes , large activated lymphocytes, plasma cells & macrophages ]
3. follicular zone [ darkly stained area around the germinal centre contains mainly B - Lymphocytes ]
4. marginal zone [ contains T & B - Lymphocytes ]

Question 28

Red pulp is formed of?

Answer 28

1. Splenic cords ( Billroth cords )

2. Blood Sinusoids : Stave cells & Macrophages - Littoral cells.

Question 29

write a note on open and closed theory of splenic circulation.

Answer 29

Open theory - capillaries open and deliver blood directly into the tissue of the red pulp. blood is collected by passing through openings in the wall of sinusoids.
Close theory - capillaries open directly into the sinusoids.

Question 30

state about open and closed theory.

Answer 30

spleen contraction - circulation is closed

relaxation - open

Question 31

functions of the spleen (5 pts)

Answer 31

1. Filtration of blood by macrophages
2. Storage of blood cells and platelets
3. Formation of blood elements in foetal life and lymphocytes throughout the life
4. immunological functions ( humoral & cell mediated immunity )
5. Destruction of old RBC’s .

Question 32

elaborate the process of destruction of RBC.

Answer 32

• Heme is broken down into
  1. iron : stored in macrophages
  2. non - iron : goes to the bile pigments
• Globin is broken down into amino acids and goes to the blood.