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The Lymphatic and Immune System > Lymph nodes > Flashcards

Lymph nodes Flashcards

1
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Lymph nodes are small capsulated lymphoid tissue pieces which are present along the passage of lymphatics.

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2
Q

What are the structures that form lymph nodes?

A
  • A surrounding capsule made up of collagen dense connective tissue.
  • Trabeculae(Partitions within the lymph node)
  • Cortex(Outer part)
  • The inner part of the lymph node is called Inner Cortex(Para-cortex).
  • The innermost area of the lymph node is called Medulla.
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3
Q

What is the route of lymph flow through a lymph node?

A

1) Afferent Lymphatic vessel
2) Sub-capsular sinuse
3) Trabecular sinuse
4) Medullary sinuse
5) Efferent Lymphatic vessel

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4
Q

What are lymphatic sinuses?

A

They are inter-connecting and inter-communicating lymphatic channels within the substance of the lymph node.

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5
Q

What are medullary sinuses?

A

These sinuses make some random network of intra-communicating channels as they make their way-down.

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6
Q

Medullary sinuses drain into which lymph vessel?

A

The efferent lymph vessel(Lymphatics).

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7
Q

What are the cells found in the outer cortex?

A

B-cells

Follicular Dendritic Cells

Macrophages

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8
Q

What are the cells found in the inner cortex?

A

T cells

Dendritic cells

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9
Q

What are the cells found in the medulla?

A

B cells

Plasma cells

Macrophages

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10
Q

What are the function of macrophages in a lymph node?

A
  • They engulf and breakdown bacteria into phagolysosome.

- In the acidic endosome it fuse the bacteria with the antigen class II molecule for immune response.

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11
Q

What is the function of Dendritic cells in a lymph node?

A

They are antigen presenting cells that process antigen material and present it on their cell surface to the T cells.

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12
Q

What is the function of Follicular Dendritic Cells in lymph nodes?

A

They act as antibody reception cells that hold antibody together with antigen.

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13
Q

Where are Follicular Dendritic Cells specifically located?

A

In lymph follicles of the B cells.

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14
Q

What is the function of Reticular cells in lymph nodes?

A

They provide structural support.

Note: They produce and maintain a thin network of fibres that are a framework for most lymphoid organs.

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15
Q

What is the consequence of having 3L of interstitial fluid in the interstitial spaces?

A

Edema would occur, causing tissue damage and eventually death.

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16
Q

Lymphatic vessels are lined with what type of cells?

A

Lymphatic Endothelial Cells(LEC)

17
Q

What is the importance of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells concerning transport?

A

It helps transport antigens and cells from tissues to lymph node.

18
Q

Lymphatic vessels become more leaky with _____.

A

Age

19
Q

The blood vessels connected with High Endothelial Venules(HEV) are lined with ________ _______________ _______ .

A

Blood Endothelial Cells

20
Q

What does the Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDC) in lymph nodes support?

A
  • They support high affinity antibody production.

- Capture of immune complexes.

21
Q

What are the functions of Fibroblastic Reticular Cells (FRC) in lymph node?

A
  • FRCs wrap collagen fibers to form conduits that direct antigen and chemokine trafficking in the lymph node.
  • It also produces Interleukin-7 (IL-7) and help maintain naive T cells.
22
Q

What is the purpose of Fibroblastic Reticular Cells forming reticular networks?

A

So as to direct T cells and Dendritic cells trafficking in the lymph node.

23
Q

Where are B cells located in lymph nodes?

A

They are mostly located in follicles.

24
Q

Antigens in afferent lymph vessels that enters the subcapsular sinus must gain access from whom?

A

From follicular B lymphocytes.

25
Q

What happens when B cells are stimulated?

A

It proliferates and convert into plasma cells responsible for producing antibodies.

26
Q

Where does T cell mature?

A

In the Thymus.

27
Q

The inner cortex is __________ dependent.

A

Thymus

28
Q

What is the importance of T cells?

A

They are important for cell mediated immunity and the activation of immune cells to fight infection(viral infection).

29
Q

Which cell eliminate intra-cellular organism?

A

T cells with the help of T-cytotoxic cells.

30
Q

The inner cortex swells up because of what?

A

T-cell which are proliferating.

31
Q

What is the function of plasma cells in lymph nodes?

A

They act as the first line of defense against invading microorganisms.(For e.g viruses and parasites.)

32
Q

How do small arteries enter the lymph nodes?

A

Through the hilum.

33
Q

What is the function of post capillary venules in the inner cortex?

A

They catch lymphocytes by hooking them with their receptors and then forcing them to pass in between the endothelial cells to exit out.

34
Q

Lymph nodes acts as biological _________.

A

filters

The Lymphatic and Immune System (3 decks)

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