Lymph Anatomy Flashcards
Initial lymph vessels…
- 2 layers - no smooth muscle
- gaps between cells
- anchoring filaments
- discontinuous basement membrane
- elastin sock
Pre collectors…
- 2 layers
- angions - partial biscupid valves
- smooth muscle (distal)
- elastin sock
Collector vessels KNOW
- angions - smooth muscles
- bicuspid valves
- 3 layers like BV
- elastin sock
- control mechanisms
- intrinsic
- extrinsic
Lymph nodes …
- capsule is highly innervated
- connective tissue capsule
What direction is AFFERENT?
Exit
Functions of lymph nodes
- concentration of lymph
- production of lymphocytes (antibodies) - site for immune reactions
- biological filter
- storage- macrophages, lymphocytes, and inorganic substances that cannot be broken down
Watersheds
- clavicular
- spine of scapular
- mid sagittal
- spine
- navel - lumbar line
Watersheds
- navel - lumbar line
- mid sagittal line
- medial third of the buttocks
- posterior thigh
Bundles
Alternate route - radial catchment area bypassed axilla goes to inferior and superior clavicular lymph nodes
Territories
Area - zone - territory - anastomoses
What are the functions of the lymph system?
- maintain fluid balance, blood volume and protein circulation
- collection of cerebral spinal fluid from the spinal column
- removes wastes and pathogens
- transports immune cells, antigens to lymph nodes and long chain fatty acids
What intrinsic factors moves lymph through the body?
Intrinsic mechanisms
- ANS
- stretch receptor reflex
- automyogenic
What extrinsic mechanisms move lymph through the body,
Extrinsic
- breathing
- pulsation of arteries
- skeletal muscle contractions
- intestinal peristalsis
What factors increase lymph flow?
- exercise
- body temperature
- increased BV filtrate
- increased interstitial pressure
What decreases lymph flow,
- inactivity
- decreased body temp
- paralysis of skeletal muscles
- local inflammation
- damage via trauma, surgery
- heavy pressure massage
- tight clothing
Define transport capacity
Max system capacity. Can be reduced by damage
Define lymph volume per unit time
Volume of lymph transported in a unit of time.
Cannot exceed transport capacity
Define lymphatic load
All things carried by the LVS
Can exceed transport capacity
Define functional reserve
Transport capacity minus the lymphatic load
What are the safety factors for normal lymph
- negative interstitial pressure
- function reserve - ability to increase transport capacity.
- increased macrophagy activity - due to increased protein
What are the major components of lymph obligatory load
Water
Proteins
Fats
Cells
What are the minor components of lymph obligatory load
Dyes
Dust
Bacteria
What is glycocalyx,
Preserves endothelial function
Role in vascular wall permeability and selectivity
Interactions with blood stream and assumes a filter function
Glycoprotein, proteoglycans form a fragile gel- like mesh on the liminal side of the blood capillary
Can be easily destroyed by trauma, surgery, ischemia, inflammation sepsis
