Lymph Anatomy

Question 1

Initial lymph vessels…

Answer 1

• 2 layers - no smooth muscle
• gaps between cells
• anchoring filaments
• discontinuous basement membrane
• elastin sock

Question 2

Pre collectors…

Answer 2

• 2 layers
• angions - partial biscupid valves
• smooth muscle (distal)
• elastin sock

Question 3

Collector vessels KNOW

Answer 3

• angions - smooth muscles
  
  • bicuspid valves
• 3 layers like BV
• elastin sock
• control mechanisms
  
  • intrinsic
  • extrinsic

Question 4

Lymph nodes …

Answer 4

• capsule is highly innervated

- connective tissue capsule

Question 5

What direction is AFFERENT?

Answer 5

Exit

Question 6

Functions of lymph nodes

Answer 6

• concentration of lymph
• production of lymphocytes (antibodies) - site for immune reactions
• biological filter
• storage- macrophages, lymphocytes, and inorganic substances that cannot be broken down

Question 7

Watersheds

Answer 7

• clavicular
• spine of scapular
• mid sagittal
• spine
• navel - lumbar line

Question 8

Watersheds

Answer 8

• navel - lumbar line
• mid sagittal line
• medial third of the buttocks
• posterior thigh

Question 9

Bundles

Answer 9

Alternate route - radial catchment area bypassed axilla goes to inferior and superior clavicular lymph nodes

Question 10

Territories

Answer 10

Area - zone - territory - anastomoses

Question 11

What are the functions of the lymph system?

Answer 11

• maintain fluid balance, blood volume and protein circulation
• collection of cerebral spinal fluid from the spinal column
• removes wastes and pathogens
• transports immune cells, antigens to lymph nodes and long chain fatty acids

Question 12

What intrinsic factors moves lymph through the body?

Answer 12

Intrinsic mechanisms

• ANS
• stretch receptor reflex
• automyogenic

Question 13

What extrinsic mechanisms move lymph through the body,

Answer 13

Extrinsic

• breathing
• pulsation of arteries
• skeletal muscle contractions
• intestinal peristalsis

Question 14

What factors increase lymph flow?

Answer 14

• exercise
• body temperature
• increased BV filtrate
• increased interstitial pressure

Question 15

What decreases lymph flow,

Answer 15

• inactivity
• decreased body temp
• paralysis of skeletal muscles
• local inflammation
• damage via trauma, surgery
• heavy pressure massage
• tight clothing

Question 16

Define transport capacity

Answer 16

Max system capacity. Can be reduced by damage

Question 17

Define lymph volume per unit time

Answer 17

Volume of lymph transported in a unit of time.

Cannot exceed transport capacity

Question 18

Define lymphatic load

Answer 18

All things carried by the LVS

Can exceed transport capacity

Question 19

Define functional reserve

Answer 19

Transport capacity minus the lymphatic load

Question 20

What are the safety factors for normal lymph

Answer 20

• negative interstitial pressure
• function reserve - ability to increase transport capacity.
• increased macrophagy activity - due to increased protein

Question 21

What are the major components of lymph obligatory load

Answer 21

Water

Proteins

Fats

Cells

Question 22

What are the minor components of lymph obligatory load

Answer 22

Dyes

Dust

Bacteria

Question 23

What is glycocalyx,

Answer 23

Preserves endothelial function

Role in vascular wall permeability and selectivity

Interactions with blood stream and assumes a filter function

Glycoprotein, proteoglycans form a fragile gel- like mesh on the liminal side of the blood capillary

Can be easily destroyed by trauma, surgery, ischemia, inflammation sepsis