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Histology > lymph > Flashcards

lymph Flashcards

1
Q

Which function is carried out by all lymphoid tissues and organs?

A. Filtration of Lymph
B. Filtration of Blood
C. Destruction of old erythrocytes
D. Maturation & Production of lymphocytes

A

D. Maturation & Production of lymphocytes

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2
Q

Which Cell type gives rise to both memory and plasma cells associated with adaptive immunity?

A

B Lymphocytes

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3
Q

Which description is true of all secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs?
A. Contain lymphoid nodules
B. contain crypts
C. lack connective tissue capsules
D. capable of antigen-independent lymphocyte maturation.

A

A. Contain lymphoid nodules

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4
Q

Which structure would be the most heavily populated with T lymphocytes?
A. germinal centers
B. Splenic arterioles
C. Paracortex of lymph node
D. splenic cords

A

C. Paracortex of lymph node

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5
Q

Which is NOT a function of Thymic epithelial cells in the thymus?
A. Make a frame work for the organ
B. secrete hormones
C. filter the entering lymph
D. give rise to hassall’s corpuscles

A

C. filter the entering lymph

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6
Q

Which type of immune cells can secrete atibodies?
A. Natural killer cells
B. Plasma cells
C. T crytotoxic cells
D. macrophages

A

B. Plasma cells

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7
Q

Where are Hassall’s Corpuscles found?

A

Thymic Medulla

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8
Q

What type of immunity do you find neutrophils, macrophages and natural killer cells?

A

Innate Immunity

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9
Q

B and T lymphocytes are part of what type of immune defense?

A

Adaptive

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10
Q

The bone marrow gives rise to only B lymphocytes? T or F

A

False.
Bone marrow contains mostly B lymphocytes, but is the primary lymphoid tissue of both.

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11
Q

What cell has independent and dependent maturation? And where do these occur?

A

B lymphocytes.
Independent= bone marrow
Dependent= peripheral organs in germinal centers of lymph nodules

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12
Q

Where do T lymphoctyes mature?

A

Thymus

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13
Q

B cells are also found in the thymus just in small quantity. T or F

A

False.
Thymus is 100% T cells

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14
Q

B lymphocytes become plasma cells and they produce antibodies. What happens next with the antibodies?

A

Antibodies bind to antigens and neutralize foreign cells and promote phagocytoses to eliminate them.

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15
Q

T lymphocytes are further differentiated into T helper and T cytotoxic cells. What are each of their rolls.

A

T Helper= help B cells make antibodies and activate phagocytosis.
T Cytotoxic= kill infected cells and stop infections from spreading

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16
Q

What are the primary and secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

Primary= bone marrow and thymus
Secondary= lymph nodes, spleen and MALT (tonsils, adenoids, peyer’s patches and appendix)

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17
Q

What does ERC stand for, what is the function, and where would it be found?

A

Epithelial reticular cells
They are fibroblast like and help create a framework.
Found in the spleen and tonsils.

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18
Q

Large white adipose cells will be found in media of what lymphoid tissue?

A

Bone marrow

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19
Q

In the bone marrow, B cells differentiate to many clones with different antigens, and then delete those that are self presenting. What is this process called?

A

Independent maturation

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20
Q

After independent maturation in the bone marrow, B cells go through what process prior to being sent to secondary lymphoid tissues where dependent maturation occurs. (where and antigen is identified and plasma cells produce antibodies)

what is the process called?

A

Clonal or Negative selection.

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21
Q

TEC stands for what, what do they do and where are they found?

A

Thymic epithelial cells found in the thymus.
Create a framework (much like ERC’s) and secrete hormones to help regulate T cell maturation.

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22
Q

Where are Hassall’s corpuscles found, what is their function, and what is a key identifying feature?

A

Thymus medulla
Elimination of self reacting cells
Spiral like arrangement of dead TEC

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23
Q

When looking at an image of the thymus, the cortex is more blue and the medulla is more pink. What cell ratios make this happen?

A

Cortex has increased amount T cells that stain more blue, whereas the medulla has more TEC staining more pink and less concentration of T cells compared to the cortex.

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24
Q

A lymph nodule in the cortex of a lymph node will have a germinal center and mantle zone. What type of cell is found here and what is happening in the nodule?

A

B cells are found in lymph nodules.
Developing B cells are found in the germinal center and when mature migrate to the mantle zone.

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25
Q

In a lymph node, where are T cells found? And how did they get there?

A

Paracortex
Blood vessles

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26
Q

What type of cell is found in the medulla of a lymph node?

A

Macrophages

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27
Q

Where do blood vessels enter and exit the lymph node?

A

Hilum

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28
Q

Trabecular sinuses are found in what secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils (crypts)

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29
Q

What organ filters blood borne pathogens?

A

Spleen

30
Q

What are lymph nodules in the spleen called?

A

White pulp

31
Q

Blood vessels travel through spleen tissue via A.
The enter B. to pass through white pulp
Pass through white pulp and branch into C.
and continue though capillaries as D.

A

A. Trabecular arteries
B. Central arteriole
C. Penicillar arteriole
D. Trabecular veins

32
Q

What is the role of Penicillar arterioles?

A

Unhealthy, damaged, nonflexible RBC cannot pass through so they are filtered out and then eaten up by macrophages.

33
Q

The spleen has a medulla and cortex like lymph nodes and the thymus. T or F

A

False
It just has white pulp and red pulp

34
Q

How can you identify an adenoid from a tonsil?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

35
Q

Adenoids are also known as?

A

Pharyngeal/ nasopharyngeal tonsil

36
Q

What type of epithelium is found in tonsils?

A

Stratified squamous

37
Q

What is a key identifying feature of Peyer’s Patches?

A

lymph nodules on one side

38
Q

What is the roll of microfold/m cells? And where are they found?

A

Allow passage of antigens from lumen of intestine to the Peyer’s Patches.
They are found above Peyer’s Patches in the ileum.

39
Q

T/F
Hassall’s corpuscles are made of old keratinized epithelial reticular cells (ERC).

A

True

40
Q

T/F
Central arterioles of the spleen are the location for blood filtering and macrophage led pathogen elimination.

A

False

41
Q

T/F
Lymph nodes function to eliminate blood born pathogens.

A

False

42
Q

T/F
Malt is found in the respiratory tract.

A

True

43
Q

T/F
Bone marrow is a primary lymphoid tissue.

A

True

44
Q

T/F
Neutrophils and natural killer cells are a part of the the adaptive immunity.

A

False

45
Q

T/F
Innate immune system is considered to be more primitive in its origin.

A

True

46
Q

T/F
Clonal selection is an essential process for the production of macrophages.

A

False

47
Q

T/F
Thymus increases in size with age throughout life.

A

False

48
Q

T/F
TEC’s secrete hormones that support the development of T lymphocytes.

A

True

49
Q

T/F
Microfold cells are found with all MALT.

A

False

50
Q

T/F
Germinal centers are rich in immature B lymphocytes.

A

True

51
Q

What are the 4 types of tonsils?

A

Palatine, Lingual, tubule, Nasopharyngeal

52
Q

What tissue contains immune centers and participates in antigen collecting?

A

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

53
Q

What kind of epithelium will you find in palatine tonsil?

A

Stratified Squamous epithelium

54
Q

Where will you find Adenoid Tissue?

A

Back of nose and roof of nasopharynx (Pharyngeal tonsils)

55
Q

What kind of epithelium would you find in pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

56
Q

T/F
There are crypts in the pharyngeal tonsil tissue?

A

False

57
Q

This type of cell will allow antigens to pass through from lumin to the lymph nodule.

A

Microfold cell

58
Q

Name the tissue.
What is A?

A

Bone Marrow
White adipose

59
Q

Name that Tissue.
Purple stained area and cells?
Pink area and cells?

A

Thymus
- cortex | High amount of T lymphocytes & TEC
- Medulla | Low amount of lymphocytes & TEC

60
Q

Tissue?
Name ‘E’

A

Thymic Cortex
E: TEC (thymic epithelial cell)

61
Q

Tissue?
Label:
Capsule, cortex, paracortex, medulla, hilus, trabeculae, subscapular sinus, lymph nodules, germinal center, & Medullary cords

A

Lymph Node

62
Q

Tissue?
Label everything you see.

A

Lymph Node

63
Q

Tissue?

A

Spleen

64
Q

Tissue?

A

Spleen

65
Q

Tissue?
What is A?

A

Spleen (white Pulp)
A: Central artery

66
Q

Tissue?
What is in the middle?

A

Spleen (White Pulp)

67
Q

Tissue
Label

A

Spleen
White pulp, Red Pulp, Germinal center, Cetnral arteriol

68
Q

Tissue?

A

Palatine Tonsil

69
Q

Tissue?

A

Lingual Tonsil

70
Q
A

Microfold cell (M Cell)

71
Q
A

Peyer’s Patch
Large nodule with germinal center

Histology (2 decks)

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