lymph Flashcards
Which function is carried out by all lymphoid tissues and organs?
A. Filtration of Lymph
B. Filtration of Blood
C. Destruction of old erythrocytes
D. Maturation & Production of lymphocytes
D. Maturation & Production of lymphocytes
Which Cell type gives rise to both memory and plasma cells associated with adaptive immunity?
B Lymphocytes
Which description is true of all secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs?
A. Contain lymphoid nodules
B. contain crypts
C. lack connective tissue capsules
D. capable of antigen-independent lymphocyte maturation.
A. Contain lymphoid nodules
Which structure would be the most heavily populated with T lymphocytes?
A. germinal centers
B. Splenic arterioles
C. Paracortex of lymph node
D. splenic cords
C. Paracortex of lymph node
Which is NOT a function of Thymic epithelial cells in the thymus?
A. Make a frame work for the organ
B. secrete hormones
C. filter the entering lymph
D. give rise to hassall’s corpuscles
C. filter the entering lymph
Which type of immune cells can secrete atibodies?
A. Natural killer cells
B. Plasma cells
C. T crytotoxic cells
D. macrophages
B. Plasma cells
Where are Hassall’s Corpuscles found?
Thymic Medulla
What type of immunity do you find neutrophils, macrophages and natural killer cells?
Innate Immunity
B and T lymphocytes are part of what type of immune defense?
Adaptive
The bone marrow gives rise to only B lymphocytes? T or F
False.
Bone marrow contains mostly B lymphocytes, but is the primary lymphoid tissue of both.
What cell has independent and dependent maturation? And where do these occur?
B lymphocytes.
Independent= bone marrow
Dependent= peripheral organs in germinal centers of lymph nodules
Where do T lymphoctyes mature?
Thymus
B cells are also found in the thymus just in small quantity. T or F
False.
Thymus is 100% T cells
B lymphocytes become plasma cells and they produce antibodies. What happens next with the antibodies?
Antibodies bind to antigens and neutralize foreign cells and promote phagocytoses to eliminate them.
T lymphocytes are further differentiated into T helper and T cytotoxic cells. What are each of their rolls.
T Helper= help B cells make antibodies and activate phagocytosis.
T Cytotoxic= kill infected cells and stop infections from spreading
What are the primary and secondary lymphoid tissues?
Primary= bone marrow and thymus
Secondary= lymph nodes, spleen and MALT (tonsils, adenoids, peyer’s patches and appendix)
What does ERC stand for, what is the function, and where would it be found?
Epithelial reticular cells
They are fibroblast like and help create a framework.
Found in the spleen and tonsils.
Large white adipose cells will be found in media of what lymphoid tissue?
Bone marrow
In the bone marrow, B cells differentiate to many clones with different antigens, and then delete those that are self presenting. What is this process called?
Independent maturation
After independent maturation in the bone marrow, B cells go through what process prior to being sent to secondary lymphoid tissues where dependent maturation occurs. (where and antigen is identified and plasma cells produce antibodies)
what is the process called?
Clonal or Negative selection.
TEC stands for what, what do they do and where are they found?
Thymic epithelial cells found in the thymus.
Create a framework (much like ERC’s) and secrete hormones to help regulate T cell maturation.
Where are Hassall’s corpuscles found, what is their function, and what is a key identifying feature?
Thymus medulla
Elimination of self reacting cells
Spiral like arrangement of dead TEC
When looking at an image of the thymus, the cortex is more blue and the medulla is more pink. What cell ratios make this happen?
Cortex has increased amount T cells that stain more blue, whereas the medulla has more TEC staining more pink and less concentration of T cells compared to the cortex.
A lymph nodule in the cortex of a lymph node will have a germinal center and mantle zone. What type of cell is found here and what is happening in the nodule?
B cells are found in lymph nodules.
Developing B cells are found in the germinal center and when mature migrate to the mantle zone.
In a lymph node, where are T cells found? And how did they get there?
Paracortex
Blood vessles
What type of cell is found in the medulla of a lymph node?
Macrophages
Where do blood vessels enter and exit the lymph node?
Hilum
Trabecular sinuses are found in what secondary lymphoid tissues?
lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils (crypts)
What organ filters blood borne pathogens?
Spleen
What are lymph nodules in the spleen called?
White pulp
Blood vessels travel through spleen tissue via A.
The enter B. to pass through white pulp
Pass through white pulp and branch into C.
and continue though capillaries as D.
A. Trabecular arteries
B. Central arteriole
C. Penicillar arteriole
D. Trabecular veins
What is the role of Penicillar arterioles?
Unhealthy, damaged, nonflexible RBC cannot pass through so they are filtered out and then eaten up by macrophages.
The spleen has a medulla and cortex like lymph nodes and the thymus. T or F
False
It just has white pulp and red pulp
How can you identify an adenoid from a tonsil?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Adenoids are also known as?
Pharyngeal/ nasopharyngeal tonsil
What type of epithelium is found in tonsils?
Stratified squamous
What is a key identifying feature of Peyer’s Patches?
lymph nodules on one side
What is the roll of microfold/m cells? And where are they found?
Allow passage of antigens from lumen of intestine to the Peyer’s Patches.
They are found above Peyer’s Patches in the ileum.
T/F
Hassall’s corpuscles are made of old keratinized epithelial reticular cells (ERC).
True
T/F
Central arterioles of the spleen are the location for blood filtering and macrophage led pathogen elimination.
False
T/F
Lymph nodes function to eliminate blood born pathogens.
False
T/F
Malt is found in the respiratory tract.
True
T/F
Bone marrow is a primary lymphoid tissue.
True
T/F
Neutrophils and natural killer cells are a part of the the adaptive immunity.
False
T/F
Innate immune system is considered to be more primitive in its origin.
True
T/F
Clonal selection is an essential process for the production of macrophages.
False
T/F
Thymus increases in size with age throughout life.
False
T/F
TEC’s secrete hormones that support the development of T lymphocytes.
True
T/F
Microfold cells are found with all MALT.
False
T/F
Germinal centers are rich in immature B lymphocytes.
True
What are the 4 types of tonsils?
Palatine, Lingual, tubule, Nasopharyngeal
What tissue contains immune centers and participates in antigen collecting?
Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
What kind of epithelium will you find in palatine tonsil?
Stratified Squamous epithelium
Where will you find Adenoid Tissue?
Back of nose and roof of nasopharynx (Pharyngeal tonsils)
What kind of epithelium would you find in pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
T/F
There are crypts in the pharyngeal tonsil tissue?
False
This type of cell will allow antigens to pass through from lumin to the lymph nodule.
Microfold cell
Name the tissue.
What is A?
Bone Marrow
White adipose
Name that Tissue.
Purple stained area and cells?
Pink area and cells?
Thymus
- cortex | High amount of T lymphocytes & TEC
- Medulla | Low amount of lymphocytes & TEC
Tissue?
Name ‘E’
Thymic Cortex
E: TEC (thymic epithelial cell)
Tissue?
Label:
Capsule, cortex, paracortex, medulla, hilus, trabeculae, subscapular sinus, lymph nodules, germinal center, & Medullary cords
Lymph Node
Tissue?
Label everything you see.
Lymph Node
Tissue?
Spleen
Tissue?
Spleen
Tissue?
What is A?
Spleen (white Pulp)
A: Central artery
Tissue?
What is in the middle?
Spleen (White Pulp)
Tissue
Label
Spleen
White pulp, Red Pulp, Germinal center, Cetnral arteriol
Tissue?
Palatine Tonsil
Tissue?
Lingual Tonsil
Microfold cell (M Cell)
Peyer’s Patch
Large nodule with germinal center
