Lyle Midterm Flashcards
3 types of COPD
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma
Emphysema
Destruction of the airway distal to the terminal bronchioles and alveoli
Chronic bronchitis
Inflamed bronchial tubes
Asthma
Inflammation in the bronchiole airways
Breathing patterns
Agonal Ataxic Biot Bradypnea Cheyne strokes Kussmal Trachypnea
Agonal respiration
Irregular gasps, neurological impulses of a dying patient
Ataxic
Irregular respiration that indicate brain injury or brain stem herniation
Biot respiration
Inspiration of irregular pattern, rate and depth with intermittent patterns of apnea
Bradypnea
Unusually slow respiration
Cheyne strokes
Shallowest point of breathing within a period of apnea between each cycle
Kussmaul
Caused by response to metabolic acidosis
Trachypnea
Unusually fast does not reflect depth of respiration/hyper ventilation.
3 sections of upper airway
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Oropharynx
Neuro conditions that affect respiratory status
LOC Restlessness Confusion Combative behavior Sedated
When assessing breathing rate what are you looking for?
3
Rate
Depth
Rhythm
3 sections of the lower airway
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli cluster
Causes of hypoxia
ARDS COPD Sleep apnea Heart disease Anemia
Non rebreather mask (Lpm)(%)
12-15 Lpm
100%
Nasal cannula
1-6 Lpm
24%-44%
Partial non rebreather
6-10 Lpm
35%-60%
Oxygen tank duration
Gauge pressure(-)Safe residual(x)Tank constant(÷)Flow rate(L/min)
Normal inspiration to expiration ratio
1:2
Respiratory disease ratio
1: 3
1: 5 depending on progression of disease.
Ventilation (V)
Volume of air that is moved in and out of the lungs
Perfusion (Q)
Flow of blood through the tissues
Minute ventilation
of breaths per minute (x) volume of each breath
Decreased ventilation
V/Q<1
No ventilation
Normal perfusion
V/Q=0
Normal ventilation
Normal perfusion
V/Q=1
Absent or low perfusion
V/Q>1
Low ventilation
Conditions that interfere with the movement of air to the gas exchange chambers of the lungs
Asthma
Copd
Pulmonary edema
Low perfusion
Shocked state where lungs are significantly hypo perfused
Pulmonary embolism
Surfactant
A substance which reduces surface tension
Monitoring devices
End tidal carbon dioxide detector
Gold standard pulse oximetry
% of oxygenated hemoglobin
End tidal carbon dioxide detector
Peak expiratory flow
Maximum flow rate of expiration
