Lyle Midterm Flashcards by Brayden Foster

3 types of COPD

Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Asthma

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Emphysema

Destruction of the airway distal to the terminal bronchioles and alveoli

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Chronic bronchitis

Inflamed bronchial tubes

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Asthma

Inflammation in the bronchiole airways

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Breathing patterns

Agonal 
Ataxic 
Biot
Bradypnea 
Cheyne strokes 
Kussmal
Trachypnea

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Agonal respiration

Irregular gasps, neurological impulses of a dying patient

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Ataxic

Irregular respiration that indicate brain injury or brain stem herniation

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Biot respiration

Inspiration of irregular pattern, rate and depth with intermittent patterns of apnea

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Bradypnea

Unusually slow respiration

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Cheyne strokes

Shallowest point of breathing within a period of apnea between each cycle

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Kussmaul

Caused by response to metabolic acidosis

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Trachypnea

Unusually fast does not reflect depth of respiration/hyper ventilation.

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3 sections of upper airway

Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Oropharynx

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Neuro conditions that affect respiratory status

LOC
Restlessness 
Confusion 
Combative behavior 
Sedated

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When assessing breathing rate what are you looking for?

Rate
Depth
Rhythm

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3 sections of the lower airway

Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli cluster

Causes of hypoxia

ARDS
COPD
Sleep apnea 
Heart disease 
Anemia

Non rebreather mask (Lpm)(%)

12-15 Lpm

100%

Nasal cannula

1-6 Lpm

24%-44%

Partial non rebreather

6-10 Lpm

35%-60%

Oxygen tank duration

Gauge pressure(-)Safe residual(x)Tank constant(÷)Flow rate(L/min)

Normal inspiration to expiration ratio

1:2

Respiratory disease ratio

1: 3
1: 5 depending on progression of disease.

Ventilation (V)

Volume of air that is moved in and out of the lungs

Perfusion (Q)

Flow of blood through the tissues

Minute ventilation

of breaths per minute (x) volume of each breath

Decreased ventilation

V/Q<1

No ventilation | Normal perfusion

V/Q=0

Normal ventilation | Normal perfusion

V/Q=1

Absent or low perfusion

V/Q>1

Low ventilation

Conditions that interfere with the movement of air to the gas exchange chambers of the lungs Asthma Copd Pulmonary edema

Low perfusion

Shocked state where lungs are significantly hypo perfused Pulmonary embolism

Surfactant

A substance which reduces surface tension

Monitoring devices End tidal carbon dioxide detector Gold standard pulse oximetry

% of oxygenated hemoglobin End tidal carbon dioxide detector Peak expiratory flow Maximum flow rate of expiration