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Science Task 4 - Year 10 > LW > Flashcards

LW Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the Uterus?

A

If the ovum is fertilised by the sperm it attaches to the wall of the uterus. If the ovum is not fertilised it travels past the uterus and out of the body. It is home to the developing of the embryo and fetus during pregnancy.

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2
Q

What is the function of the ovary?

A

Produces the female egg cell called ovum.

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3
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tube?

A

Ovum travels down the tube from the ovary to the uterus.

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4
Q

What is the function of the Vagina?

A

Where the penis is placed to ejaculate sperm. It is also where blood flows during the menstrual cycle and the opening where the baby passes during child birth.

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5
Q

What are the female reproductive organs?

A

The ovary, fallopian tube, uterus and vagina.

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6
Q

What are the male reproductive organs?

A

The testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland and urethra.

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7
Q

What is the function of the testes?

A

They produce sperm and the male hormone (testosterone).

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8
Q

What is the function of the epididymus?

A

It stores the sperm from the testes and provides an environment for the sperm to mature and acquire the ability to move through the female reproductive system and fertilise an ovum.

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9
Q

What is the function of the vas deferens tube?

A

Carries the sperm from the epididymus to the prostate gland.

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10
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?

A

It secretes liquids which mix with the sperm. The liquids keep the sperm from drying out and help them reach the ovum.

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11
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

The tube in which sperm travel outside the body. Transports urine from the bladder.

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12
Q

What are female and male reproductive cells called? (ovum and sperm)

A

Gametes.

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13
Q

What is the joining of the ovum and sperm called?

A

Fertilisation. The cell resulting from this is called a zygote.

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14
Q

What does DNA look like?

A

A double helix - a ladder that has been twisted.

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15
Q

How many types of cell division are there?

A
  1. meiosis and mitosis
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16
Q

What does meiosis do?

A

Produces ovum and sperm in the reproductive organs.

17
Q

What does mitosis do?

A

Produces body cells for growth and repair of tissue.

18
Q

In what order do meiosis and mitosis occur?

A

Meiosis must occur first to produce egg and sperm. When ovum and sperm are fertilised during sexual intercourse a zygote is produced and mitosis begins to create a baby.

19
Q

What are the bases of the DNA?

A

The bases form the “rungs” of the DNA. T = Thymine, A = Adinine, C = Cystosine, G = Guanine. T and A are a pair, and C and G are a pair.

20
Q

What is the DNA backbone?

A

Phosphate and sugar form the backbone of the DNA molecule.

21
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

22
Q

What is a genotype?

A

A particular set of genes an individual is carrying in letters. Eg. Aa, BB, dd

23
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

Observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism. Eg. Brown eyes, blonde hair.

24
Q

What influences phenotypes?

A

Both genes and the environment do, this is called Nature VS Nurture. Environmental factors that affect how these inherited characteristics develop include: - climate, diet, physical accidents, culture and lifestyle.

25
Q

What is biotechnology?

A

Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals or to utilise micro-organisms for specific uses.

26
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. This involves the insertion or deletion of a gene from DNA.

27
Q

How is the body organised? (in cells)

A

Organism > organ system > organ> tissue > cell > nucleus > chromosome > DNA > genes

28
Q

How many chromosomes does a human have?

A

46 chromosomes, 26 pairs.

29
Q

How many divisions are there in meiosis?

A

two.

30
Q

How many divisions are there in mitosis?

A

one.

31
Q

What is cloning?

A

The process of making a copy of either cell, DNA or the whole organism.

32
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

Involves artificially picking the best organisms to breed so that the most desirable characteristics are passed on.

33
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

thread-like structures that are made up of DNA. Each cell consists of 23 chromosome pairs. (46 chromosomes)

34
Q

What are genes?

A

A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

35
Q

How are genes passed on?

A

transferred from one person to another via ovum and sperm.

36
Q

What are the pair of sex hormones of the male and female?

A

XX female, XY male

37
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

In the nucleus of a cell.

38
Q

What types of mutations are there?

A

Insertions, deletions and inversions.

39
Q

What is ‘Nature vs Nurture’?

A

Both genes and environment determine the phenotype of an organism. Environmental factors that affect how these inherited characteristics develop include:
- climate, diet, physical accidents, culture and lifestyle.

Science Task 4 - Year 10 (4 decks)

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