Lvl. 2 Flashcards
-(으)ㄹ 거예요
Conjugation for future tense. Make one practice sentence.
을/를
Object marking particle. Tells the listener that something will be done WITH/TO the object. Make one practice sentence.
그리고
And/and then. Links nouns too but mainly used to link phrases. Make one practice sentence.
그래서
Therefore/so. Connects two sentences. Make one practice sentence.
-씨
Polite way to address someone.
-하고 (+ 같이)
And. Depending on the context (and if 같이 is used) it can mean with/together with. Make one practice sentence.
-(이) 랑
And. Depending on the context (and if 같이 is used) it can mean with/together with. More colloquial and casual. Make one practice sentence.
월요일
Monday
화요일
Tuesday
수요일
Wednesday
목요일
Thursday
금요일
Friday
토요일
Saturday
일요일
Sunday
요일
Days of the week. What day is it today?
-한테
(Paired with a noun): It can mean “to/for [someone]” or “from [someone]” depending on the context.
(Paired with a verb in a passive voice): means “by” (I was dumped BY my bf)
Make a practice sentence /ea.
-한테서
“From” someone. Make one practice sentence.
지금 몇 시예요?
Hour: native Korean number + 시
Minute: Sino-Korean number + 분
(Counter) 개
General counter for things. Make one practice sentence.
*Counters are paired with native Korean numbers.
(Counter) 대
Counter for cars. Make one practice sentence.
*Counters are paired with native Korean numbers.
(Counter) 명 / 사람
Counter for people. 사람 is used for SMALL numbers of people (way under 10). Make one practice sentence.
*Counters are paired with native Korean numbers.
(Counter) 권
Counter for books. Make one practice sentence.
*Counters are paired with native Korean numbers.
(Counter) 장
Counter for paper, pages, tickets, etc. Make one practice sentence.
*Counters are paired with native Korean numbers.
(Counter) 병
Counter for bottles. Make one practice sentence.
*Counters are paired with native Korean numbers.
(Counter) 마리
Counter for animals. Make one practice sentence.
*Counters are paired with native Korean numbers.
Conjugate 3 verbs in present progressive.
Verb stem + 고 있어요
Ex. 밖에 비가 오고 있어요 = It is raining outside
Conjugate 3 verbs in past progressive.
Verb stem + 고 있었어요
Ex. 비가 오고 있었어요 = It was raining
Conjugate 3 verbs in future progressive.
Verb stem + 고 있을 거예요
(Ex. 일하고 있을 거예요 = I will be working)
*Many times Koreans just use present tense (shorter)
오늘은 몇 월 며 칠 이에요?
Month: Sino-Korean number + 월
Day: Sino-Korean number + 일
Noun + 도
Too/also/as well.
Verb stem + 기 하다
Verb in noun form. You can add -도 to verbs once they’re in this format. Make 3 practice sentences.
(Ex. 보다 –> 보기 하다)
Noun + 만
Only [noun]. Make 3 practice sentences.
조금
A little. Pronounced and written 좀 casually.
정말 / 진짜
Both mean really/truly. 진짜 is less formal.
아주
Very/quite. More frequently used in the written language. 정말/진짜 are used in the spoken language.
별로
Not really/not particularly.
*Only used in negative sentences.
전혀 / 하나도
Both mean “not at all”. 하나도 is more common in spoken language.
*Only used in negative sentences.
Verb + (으)ㄹ 수 있다
Can [do something]. Make 3 practice sentences.
Verb + (으)ㄹ 수 없다
Cannot [do something]. Make 3 practice sentences.
못 + verb
Cannot [do something]. More common in spoken language. Make 3 practice sentences.
[object] 을/를 잘하다
To be good at/ do well. Make 3 practice sentences.
[object]을/를 못하다
To be bad at/do poorly. If you pronounce/write it as “못 하다” it becomes “cannot do”. Make 3 practice sentences.
[object] 을/를 잘 못하다 // 잘못 하다.
Cannot do well. // To make a mistake/do it the wrong way.
잘
[verb] well.
못
[verb] bad/poorly.
Turn 3 verbs into nouns in present tense.
Verb stem + 는 것. Make 3 practice sentences.
Uses:
1. Act of DOING…. [something] (the verb is “doing”).
2. WHAT I’m doing instead of DOING IT now.
3. The fact that you’re DOING something.
Turn 3 verbs into nouns in past tense.
Verb stem + ㄴ 것. Make 3 practice sentences.
Uses:
1. Act of DOING…. [something] (the verb is “did”).
2. WHAT I did instead of DOING IT then.
3. The fact that you DID something.
Turn 3 verbs into nouns in future tense.
Verb stem + ㄹ 것. Make 3 practice sentences.
Uses:
1. Act of DOING…. [something] (the verb is “will do”).
2. WHAT I’m doing instead of DOING IT in the future.
3. The fact that you’re WILL DO something.
To have to/must/should [verb]. Make three practice sentences.
Verb stem + 아/어/여 야 되다/하다.
되다 is more colloquial.
*If you have a repeated vowel, you combine words (ex. 가아 야 되다 –> 가야 되다)
-보다 더 [verb/adverb/adjective]
More than. Make three practice sentences.
*If you drop the “더”, the meaning will still be clear.
좋다 vs. 좋아하다 ?
[subject] 좋다 = to be good/ to like ish
*Cannot be used for people
좋아하다 = to like
Make 3 practice sentences e/a.
Conjugate 3 descriptive verbs into 하다 form.
Descriptive verb + 아/어/여 하다
Ex. 싫다 (to be unlikeable/undesirable) –> 싫어하다 (to hate/not like).
Create 3 conditional sentences.
Present tense: verb stem + (으) 면
Past tense: [verb stem]았/었/했 + 면
Future tense: verb stemㄹ + 거면
If the sentence is long, you can add 만약 (if, in case) at the beginning.
아직 // 아직도
Still/yet // still [not] happening (adds emphasis and sounds more criticizing).
Make 3 practice sentences.
벌써 VS. 이미
Both mean “already”. Make 3 practice sentences.
- 벌써 is used when new information is discovered (typically used more).
- 이미 is used when you already knew about something.
Turn who/what/when/where into their indefinite form.
-ㄴ 가 누군가 = someone 뭔가 = something 어딘가 = somewhere 언젠가 = someday
Conjugate 3 verbs in imperative form.
Verb stem + (으) 세요 (to ask someone to do something for you).
- Politely
- If the v. stem ends in ㄹ, you drop the ㄹ and just add 세요 (no 으).
Conjugate 3 verbs as if asking for a favor (even more polite imperative).
Verb stem + 아/어/해 주세요.
Middle point between -세요 and -주세요.
-줘 요 (it’s more polite than -세요 but more casual than -주세요).
[object] -(으)로
Something used as a channel/tool/device/method. Make 3 practice sentences.
*Functions:
- Marks ingredients an object is made of
- Cause of a disease
- The direction in which something is going
- Status or identity of a person doing something
Ex. 누가 이 테이불을 나무로 만들있어요.
(Someone made this table with wood.)
다 [verb]
All, entirely, whole. Make 3 practice sentences.
*Only modifies verbs (adverb).
더 [verb]
More. Make 3 practice sentences.
*Modifies verbs.
[verb] +지 마세요
(Polite) To stop/quit doing/not do [verb]. Make 3 practice sentences.
*Descriptive verbs need to be changed into 하다 form.
