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BDS3 CDS Dental Materials Science > Luting Agents > Flashcards

Luting Agents Flashcards

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1
Q

What are luting agents used for ?

A

Placing indirect restorations i.e. cementing bridges, crowns etc.

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2
Q

What are the 3 options of dental luting agents ?

A

Dental cements.
RMGIC or GIC.
Composite luting agents.

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3
Q

What are the 2 options of dental cements ?

A

Zinc phosphate or zinc polycarboxylate.

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4
Q

What are the advantages of zinc phosphate ?

A

Cheap.
Used historically.
Easy to use.
Good outcomes.

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5
Q

What are the disadvantages of zinc phosphate ?

A

High pH on setting.
Exothermic setting reaction.
Non-cariostatic.
Non-adhesive to tooth or restoration surface.
24 hour final set.

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6
Q

What type of reaction does zinc phosphate undergo on setting ?

A

Acid-base reaction followed by hydration.

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7
Q

What are the 3 constituents of zinc phosphate powder ?

A

90% zinc oxide.
10% magnesium dioxide.
Alumina and silica oxide.

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8
Q

What are the 2 main reactive agent in zinc phosphate ?

A

Zinc oxide.
Phosphoric acid.

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9
Q

What does magnesium dioxide in zinc phosphate powder do ?

A

Increases compressive strength.
Makes material white colour.

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10
Q

What does alumina and silica oxides in zinc phosphate powder do ?

A

Variation in shade.
Enhance physical properties.

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11
Q

What are the 3 constituents in zinc phosphate liquid ?

A

Phosphoric acid.
Aluminium oxide.
Zinc oxide.

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12
Q

What does aluminium oxide in zinc phosphate liquid do ?

A

Maintain even consistency on material’s set.

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13
Q

What does zinc oxide in zinc phosphate liquid do ?

A

Increases working time of material, delays set.

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14
Q

How does zinc phosphate act ?

A

Fills spaces.
Slight micro mechanical retention - due to irregularities on restoration and tooth preparation.

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15
Q

What is the main difference between zinc polycarboxylate and zinc phosphate’s constituents ?

A

Phosphoric acid in zinc phosphate, replaced by polyacrylic acid in zinc polycarboxylate.

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16
Q

What are the advantages of zinc polycarboxylate vs. zinc phosphate ?

A

Bonds to tooth surface (like GIC).
Returns to neutral pH quicker after setting.
Releases less heat on setting.
Cheap.

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17
Q

What are the disadvantages of zinc polycarboxylate vs. zinc phosphate ?

A

Poorer elastic modulus and compressive strength.
Poorer aesthetics.
Handling and mixing more difficult.
Soluble in oral environment.

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18
Q

How does zinc polycarboxylate bond to tooth surface ?

A

Chelation between calcium in tooth structure and carboxyl groups in material.
Degree of hydrogen bonding and metallic ion bridging between material and collagen in tooth tissue too.

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19
Q

What is the setting reaction for GIC ?

A

Acid base reaction followed by dissolution, gelation and hardening.

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20
Q

What are the 3 constituents of GIC glass particles ?

A

SiO2, Al2O3, CaF2.

21
Q

What are the 3 constituents of GIC polyacrylic acid ?

A

Acrylic, maleic, itaconic acids with co-polymers.

22
Q

What are the two mechanisms which GIC bonds to tooth surface ?

A

Ion exchange (chelation reaction) between calcium on tooth surface and carboxyl groups in material.
Hydrogen bonding with collagen in dentine.

23
Q

How does GIC bond with restoration fitting surface ?

A

It doesn’t.
Sandblasting of fitting surface can add degree of micromechanical retention.

24
Q

What is the difference between GIC filling material and GIC luting cement ?

A

Glass particle size.
Luting cement <20um to allow suitable film thickness.

25
Q

What is the dissolution reaction in GIC setting ?

A

Dissolving of glass acid - acid H+ ions liberate Ca, Al, Na, F ions from glass i.e. silica gel around unreacted glass formed with these ions in it.

26
Q

What is the gelation reaction in GIC setting ? How long does it take ?

A

Initial setting reaction - Ca ions releases in dissolution reaction crosslink with carboxyl group in acid = polyacrylic chain with calcium linking forms calcium polyacrylate.
2-4 mins.

27
Q

What is the hardening reaction in GIC setting ? How long does it take ?

A

Aluminium ions ensure higher degree of cross linking - increasing strength.
Between 30mins and a week.

28
Q

What are the advantages of GIC as luting agent ?

A

Easy to use.
Durable.
Low shrinkage.
Long term stability.
Self-adhesive to tooth surface.
Aesthetically better than cements.
Fluoride releasing.

29
Q

What is the depth of light cure ?

A

<4mm.

30
Q

What is required to bond porcelain indirect restorations ?

A

Sandblasting or hydrochloric acid.
HF etching on porcelain surface.
Silane coupling agent.
Composite luting agent.

31
Q

Where is a silane coupling agent applied to ?

A

Etched porcelain surface.

32
Q

How does silane coupling agent work ?

A

Bonds with oxide groups on porcelain.
C=C bond with composite luting agent.

33
Q

When can light cure composite luting agents be used ?

A

<1mm restoration thickness i.e. thin veneer due to penetration ability.

34
Q

How does etching metal bonding surface work ?

A

Electrolytic removes phases of alloy differentially.

35
Q

Can you etch a non-precious metal surface ?

A

No - must be sandblasted for retention.

36
Q

You are placing a metal restoration with composite luting agent. Do you use dual cure or light cure ?

A

Dual cure - light will not penetrate metal.

37
Q

What type of material is Panavia ?

A

Self adhesive composite resin - contains metal coupling agent and composite agent.

38
Q

What type of material is Unicem ?

A

Self etching composite resin - contains composite resin and self etch dentine bonding agent.

39
Q

What type of material is Riva luting ? What is it used for ?

A

Self cure glass ionomer cement. Commonly used for metal restorations.

40
Q

You are cementing a metal ceramic crown. What material do you choose ?

A

Riva luting cement - self cure GIC luting agent.

41
Q

You are cementing a metal post crown. What material do you choose ?

A

Riva luting cement - self cure GIC luting agent.

42
Q

You are cementing a fibre post crown. What material do you choose ?

A

Dual cure composite luting agent and dentine bonding agent.

43
Q

You are cementing a veneer. What material do you choose ?

A

Light cure composite luting agent and dentine bonding agent.

44
Q

You are cementing an adhesive bridge. What material do you choose ?

A

Anaerobic cure composite luting agent.

45
Q

You are cementing a zirconia crown. What material do you choose ?

A

Riva luting cement - self cure GIC luting agent.

46
Q

You are cementing a gold restoration. What material do you choose ?

A

Riva luting cement - self cure GIC luting agent.

47
Q

You are cementing a composite inlay. What material do you choose ?

A

Dual cure composite luting agent and dentine bonding agent.

48
Q

You are cementing a porcelain inlay. What material do you choose ?

A

Dual cure composite luting agent and dentine bonding agent.

49
Q

You are cementing a indirect restoration temporarily. When would you choose not to place with ZOE material ?

A

Eugenol materials - shouldn’t be used to cement provisional restoration where permanent restoration will be cemented with resin cement. Residual eugenol interferes with setting of luting agent.

BDS3 CDS Dental Materials Science (5 decks)

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