Luther and Calvin Mid-Term Flashcards
Albrecht, Archbishop of Mainz
Sent 10 Gulden to Luther and Katie as a wedding gift\
George Duke of Ducal Saxony
hunted down monks and nuns who had left their orders as if they were criminals. Also sought to strip Elector John of his new title of prince.
. Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria:
called for an assemble of the estates of the empire at Speyer. Ferdinand saw the Turkish threat and religious controversy as issues that were both the results of God’s anger over the existence of heretics within the empire. Also, Charles V’s brother.
John, Duke and Elector of the “Electoral” Saxony:
Luther’s new prince. He John proposed a visitation of all the churches in his territories in order to determine the exact status of each parish and to support the development of evangelical preaching throughout Saxony.
Philip, Landgrave and Elector of Hesse:
On April 1, he and Elector John of Saxony replied with a memorandum to all the other princes and city councilmen on whom they thought they could count. They then denied Archduke Ferdinand’s proposal as a threat to the gospel. Took the lead in the issue over the four words by Jesus, “this is my body” in the Lord’s Supper.
Henry, Duke of “Ducal” Saxony:
Succeeded Duke Georges position when he died. Duke Henry was sympathetic to Luther’s cause. Called Luther and three of his colleagues to debate Eck back in Leipzig.
John-Frederick, Duke of “Electoral” Saxony and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire:
In August 1536, passed a decree in which he banished all Jews from his territories and forbade Jews to pass through them.
Oecloampadius:
. Debated Luther with aid from Zwingli about the the Lord’s supper. He argued the point that the Bible is full of Metaphors
Zwingli:
.Debated Luther with aid from Oecloampadius over the Lord’s supper. Saw the tactics Luther was using and tried to use them against Luther saying you prove that Hoc est corpus meum applied to John 6:63.
Eck:
. Gave the emperor his Confutation of the Augsburg Confession, which Chrles V in turn presented to the assembled politicians and demanded that everyone submit to it.
Melanchthon:
Wrote the Apology to the Ausburg Confession however, Charles V refused to even receive it.
Contarini:
A cardinal who had come to a written understanding of with Melanchthon on the core question of Justification by faith. He carried the document to Rome and found himself accused of heresy.
Vergerio:
Papal ambassador, who was commissioned by Pope Paul III to visit each of Germany’s most important politicians and generate support for a general council of the church.
. Strasbourg:
The town to whom Luther wrote a reply entitled Letter to the Christians in Strasbourg against the Fanatics, which dealt with the issue of misunderstanding the Lord’s supper.
. Marburg:
Small town due north of Frankfur am Main where most of the best-known Evangelical theologians from Saxony, south Germany, and Switzerland gathered in early October 1529 in order to discuss their theological differences as well as political alliance.
Speyer:
Where the agreement that each ruler would be responsible for religious matters in his own territory was established.
Augsburg:
Where Elector John received a summons to a diet at; also where the Augsburg Confessions was published.
Coburg:
The Castle where Luther stayed and wrote letters addressing various subjects.
. Regensburg:
Where the Rgensburg Colloquy took place; this colloquy discussed a number of topics including human nature before the fall of Adam, freedom of the will, the source of sin, etc….
Schmalkald:
Where the Schmalkaldic League was established; this was a group of military princes originally motivated by religious reasons.
Alexander of Hales:
13th century Augustinian Theologian who had largely influenced the theology of the Luther’s time.
Aleander:
A new papal ambassador who was commissioned to publish Exsurge Domine along with Eck.
