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Respiratory > Lungs & Pleura > Flashcards

Lungs & Pleura Flashcards

1
Q

What is the visceral pleura?

A

The layer of serous membrane covering the lung

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2
Q

What is the parietal pleura?

A

The layer of serous membrane covering the thoracic cavity

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3
Q

How is the parietal pleura further subdivided?

A

mediastinal pleura, diaphragmatic pleura, costal pleura, cervical pleura

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4
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

The space at the base of the thoracic cavity where the lung doesn’t fill the pleural cavity (except on full inspiration)

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5
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A

The double fold of pleura that hangs down around the hilar structures - creates a dead space for the vessels to expand in to

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6
Q

How much fluid is in the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura?

A

A few mLs

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7
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

When air fills the potential space

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8
Q

What is a haemothorax?

A

When blood fills the potential space

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9
Q

What is the nerve supply of the visceral pleura?

A

Autonomic nerve supply - referred pain is dull and poorly located

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10
Q

What is the nerve supply of the parietal pleura?

A

Somatic nerve supply - referred pain is sharp, sever and well located

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11
Q

What is pleurisy?

A

Inflammation of the pleura

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12
Q

Where does the trachea commence?

A

C6

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13
Q

Where does the trachea divide?

A

At T4/5

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14
Q

Which main bronchus is shorter wider and more vertical?

A

The right

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15
Q

What is the muscle that closes the trachea posteriorly?

A

The tracheal is muscle

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16
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are there?

A

10

17
Q

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

A

A zone of functionally distinct lung tissue - receives its own segmental bronchus and its own arterial supply and venous drainage

18
Q

Why is the apical segment clinically significant?

A

Because it is the first segment to come off posteriorly so if someone is lying flat on their back and vomits and aspirates the vomit this is where it will go - located at the top segment of the lower lobe

19
Q

What are the fissures of the right lung?

A

The horizontal fissure between the upper and middle lobe and the oblique fissure between the lower and middle lobes

20
Q

What are the imprints on the medial surface of the right lung?

A

SVC, right atrium, arch of azygous

21
Q

What is the fissure of the left lung?

A

The oblique fissure

22
Q

What is the lingula?

A

A projection of the upper lobe of the left lung beneath the cardiac notch

23
Q

What is the cardiac notch?

A

The notch cut out of the upper lobe of the left lung from where the heart sits

24
Q

What are the imprints on the left lung?

A

The left ventricle and the arch of the aorta

25
Q

What structures enter at the hilum?

A

Bronchi, pulmonary arteries, bronchial arteries, pulmonary veins (4), hilar lymph nodes

26
Q

What bronchial structures enter at the right lung hilum?

A

Right upper lobe bronchus and the bronchus intermedius

27
Q

What is the bronchus intermedius?

A

The right main bronchus after its given off the right upper lobe bronchus

28
Q

What is the position of the pulmonary veins in the hilum?

A

The most anterior and inferior structures

29
Q

What bronchial structures enter at the left lung hilum?

A

Just the left main bronchus

30
Q

What lymphatic drainage of the lung is there?

A

Superfifical and deep

31
Q

Where is the superficial lymphatic drainage?

A

Just beneath the visceral pleura - gives a black web like appearance

32
Q

Where is the deep lymphatic drainage?

A

Follos the bronchi and pulmonary vessels

33
Q

Where are the lymph nodes located?

A

At the hilum and at the bifurcation of the trachea

34
Q

What is the nerve supply to the lungs?

A

Sympathetic and parsympathetic via the pulmonary plexus (associated with the bifurcation of the trachea) which goes to a hilar plexus

Respiratory (31 decks)

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