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Respiratory System > lungs and pleura > Flashcards

lungs and pleura Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the conducting zone?

A

To filter, warm & moisten air prior to reaching the respiratory portion

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2
Q

The conducting zone comprises of the nasal cavities, ________, larynx, trachea, bronchi, ________, ________ & respiratory bronchioles

A

The conducting zone comprises of the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles & respiratory bronchioles

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3
Q

The respiratory zone comprises of the ________, ________, alveolar sacs & alveoli

A

The respiratory zone comprises of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs & alveoli

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4
Q

Which embryonic layer is the pleura derived from?

A

Mesoderm

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5
Q

What are the names of the 2 pleural recesses?

A

Costo-diaphragmatic recessCosto-mediastinal recess

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6
Q

[Pleural Reflection]The cervical pleura on both sides extend into the root of the neck ____ above the ________.When you trace downwards, they meet each other behind the ________ at the ________ and continue to lie until the ________.

A

The cervical pleura on both sides extend into the root of the neck 2cm above the clavicle.When you trace downwards, they meet each other behind the sternal angle at the 2nd costal cartilage and continue to lie until the 4th costal cartilage

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7
Q

[Pleural Reflection]The ____ parietal pleura diverges ____ away from the sternum at the ________

A

The left parietal pleura diverges 1cm away from the sternum at the 6th costal cartilage

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8
Q

[Pleural Reflection]The ________ parietal pleura continues to run from the 4th costal cartilage till the ____ costal cartilage

A

The right parietal pleura continues to run from the 4th costal cartilage till the 6th costal cartilage

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9
Q

[Pleural Reflection]Both parietal pleura curve laterally at the 6th costal cartilage and reach the ____ rib at the midclavicular line, the ____ rib at the midaxillary line & the ____ rib at the ________ line.

A

Both parietal pleura curve laterally at the 6th costal cartilage and reach the 8th rib at the midclavicular line, the 10th rib at the midaxillary line & the 12th rib at the paravertebral line.

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10
Q

Which lung has 3 lobes?

A

Right

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11
Q

What is the hilum of the lung?

A

Area on the mediastinal surface of the lung through which structures enter or leave the lung

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12
Q

What are the structures in the root of the right lung?(In order moving downwards)

A

Bronchuspulmonary Arterypulmonary Veins x2## FootnoteRight = BAV

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13
Q

What are the structures in the root of the left lung?(In order moving downwards)

A

pulmonary ArteryBronchuspulmonary Veins x2## FootnoteLeft = ABV

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14
Q

Which nerve passes posterior to the root of the lung?

A

Vagus nerve

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15
Q

Which nerve passes anterior to the root of the lung?

A

Phrenic nerve

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16
Q

Why are the visceral pleura & lungs insensitive to pain?

A

They receive visceral afferent innervation from the pulmonary plexus (autonomic)

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17
Q

Which spinal segments give rise to the phrenic nerve?

A

C3-5

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18
Q

Which nerves innervate the parietal pleura?

A

Intercostal nerves (T1-11)Phrenic nerve (C3-5)

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19
Q

What nerve bundle innervate the visceral pleura & lungs?

A

Pulmonary plexus (autonomic)

20
Q

Why is pain from the parietal pleura felt over the neck & shoulders?

A

Neck & shoulders are supplied by C3-4 while parietal pleura supplied by phrenic nerve (C3-5)Thus, the pain pathways from both pass very close to each other at the dorsal root.

21
Q

At which level does the trachea extend from?

A

C6-T4/5

22
Q

What lies anterior to the trachea?

A

Left brachiocephalic veinBrachiocephalic arteryLeft common carotid arteryArch of aorta

23
Q

What lies posterior to the trachea?

A

OesophagusLeft recurrent laryngeal nerve

24
Q

Trachea > main bronchi > ____ bronchi > ________ bronchi > conducting bronchioles > ________ bronchioles

A

Trachea > main bronchi > lobar bronchi > segmental bronchi > conducting bronchioles > terminal bronchioles

25
Q

Where is the triangle of safety?

A

Lateral edge of pectoralis majorBase of axilla5th ICSLateral edge of latissimus dorsi

26
Q

Chest tube insertion to be done at the ________ border of the rib at the ____ ICS

A

Chest tube insertion to be done at the superior border of the rib at the 5th ICS

27
Q

Which ICS corresponds to the middle lobe of the right lung?

A

4th ICS

28
Q

What epithelium lines the mucosa of the bronchioles?

A

Columnar cilliated epithelium

29
Q

What is the function of the C-shaped cartilage rings of the trachea?

A

Maintains the mechanical stability of the trachea, keeping the trachea open and preventing its collapse under the negative pressures of the respiratory cycle

30
Q

What is the characteristic feature of the trachea?

A

C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings interconnected by fibroelastic tisue

31
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in each lung?

A

10

32
Q

Which nerve provides parasympathetic & visceral afferent innervation to the lungs?

A

Vagus nerve

33
Q

Which nerve provides sympathetic innervation to the lungs?

A

Derived from the sympathetic trunk

34
Q

What is the clinical purpose of the pleural recesse?

A

Provides a potential space for the lungs to expand into during forced inspiration

35
Q

Elevation of ribs by intercostal muscles increases both the ________ & ________ diameter of the thoracic cavity

A

Elevation of ribs by intercostal muscles increases both the transverse/lateral & anteroposterior diameter of the thoracic cavity

36
Q

Pump-handle movement of the ribs during inspiration corresponds to an increase in which diameter?

A

Anteroposterior diameter of the thoracic cavity

37
Q

Bucket-handle movement of the ribs during inspiration corresponds to an increase in which diameter?

A

Transverse/lateral diameter of the thoracic cavity

38
Q

At what level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T4/5

39
Q

Which part of the aorta are the bronchial arteries derived from?

A

Descending aorta

40
Q

Where does the right bronchial vein drain into?

A

Azygous vein

41
Q

Where does the left bronchial vein drain into?

A

Accessory hemiazygos vein

42
Q

The lungs meet the midaxillary line at the ____ costal cartilage

A

The lungs meet the midaxillary line at the 8th costal cartilage

43
Q

The lungs meet the paravertebral line at the ____ costal cartilage

A

The lungs meet the paravertebral line at the 10th costal cartilage

44
Q

The lungs meet the midclavicular line at the ____ costal cartilage

A

The lungs meet the midclavicular line at the 6th costal cartilage

45
Q

Do the bronchioles contain cartilage?

A

NoBronchioles have more smooth muscle and no cartilage

Respiratory System (5 decks)

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