Lungs

Question 1

Identify the Essential Components of the Spriometry Graph

Answer 1

TV, IRV, ERV, RV, VC, FRC, IC, TLC

Question 2

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

Answer 2

IC=TV+IRC

Question 3

Functional Reserve Capacity (FRC)

Answer 3

Very Important

FRC=ERC+RV

The volume of air in the lungs at the end of a tidal exhalation

Question 4

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Answer 4

TLC= TV+ IRC+ ERV + RV

Question 5

Vital Capacity

Answer 5

VC= TV+ IRV+ RV

The total volume of air that can be moved by a maximum inhalation and exhalation.

Question 6

Minute Ventilation (MV)

Answer 6

MV= TV x RR

The amount of air moved wihtin a minute. similar to cardiac input.

Question 7

Alveolar Ventilation (AV)

Answer 7

AV= (TV - DS) x RR

The amt of air that reaches the alveoli per minute.

Question 8

Intrapleural Pressure Equation

Answer 8

P_tp =P_alv - P_ip

(ALWAYS POSITIVE)

Question 9

INTERPLEURAL PRESSURE

Answer 9

(P_IP)

_{Always negative}

_{2 different missions}

_{visceral pleura wants to go one way- towards the lungs}

_{parental pleura want sto go another way- towards the ribs}

Question 10

Tidal Volume

Answer 10

TV

Resting “ tidal “ flow of air

Question 11

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 11

IRV= vol above TV that can be inhaled

Question 12

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 12

ERV

Vol below TV that can be exhaled

Question 13

Residual Volume

Answer 13

RV:

Vol of air that CANNOT be exhaled

-CANNOT BE MEASURE BY SPIROMETRY

Question 14

A non invasive way to measure many lung volumes.

Answer 14

Spirometry

• Does not measure all volumes
  (i. e. Residual Volumes (RV)).

Question 15

Compliance

Answer 15

^C= (Delta V^)/Delta P

Question 16

Emphysema

Answer 16

Alveoli and pulmonary cappillies destroyed.

Elastic Gone- Very Stretchy-

” like an old pair of sweat pants”

Destruction of the lungs’s elastic tissue; reduces recoil. INCREASES COMPLIANCE.

Can accomodate large levels of Volume

“Moves the EPP toward Alveoli= Dynamic Compression”

Question 17

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 17

Proliferation of connective tissue within lungs

-Deceasced strechabilty of lungs-VERY STIFF LUNGS

(Opposite of Emphysema- less stretch)

Decreased compliance

Question 18

Name 3 Dead Spaces

Answer 18

1) Anatomical Dead Space: Sturctures that do not echange gases (approx 150 ml)
2) Alveolar Dead Space: Poor ventilated or perfused alveoli that donot eliminiate CO2 well.
3) Physiological Dead Space: The sum of anatoical and alveoli dead space.

Question 19

Dynamic Compression

Answer 19

The effect of transmural pressure.

Question 20

Equal Pressure Point

Answer 20

(EPP)

The anatomical point where the airway pressure and interpleural pressure is the SAME.

Question 21

Astma

Answer 21

Astma is a acute inflammatory rxn to allergen.

Airway resistence is increased. driving pressure for air to leave is increased to accommodate= ELEVATED P_ip =EPP moves towards alveoli= Dynamic compression.

Question 22

FEV1

Answer 22

The volume of air exhaled in 1 second.

Question 23

FVC

Answer 23

FVC= Forced Vital Capacity

The total air volume exhaled during Force Expiration.

NORMAL= One can exhale 80% of FVC wihtin 1-sec.

Question 24

Obstructive Diseases

Answer 24

Decrease in the ability to exhale air.

3 types:

Emphysema: Increased C (compliance)

Chronic Bronchitis: Excess Mucus

Asthma: increased Pip

Question 25

Restrictive Diseases

Answer 25

Decreased ability for the individual to move air in/out of lungs.

Can be due to stiffening of the lungs!!

Ex: Pulmonary Fibrosis, paralysis of CHX muscles. Pneumothorax, pleural effusion, damage to respiratory motor nerves, etc.