Lungs Flashcards
Identify the Essential Components of the Spriometry Graph

TV, IRV, ERV, RV, VC, FRC, IC, TLC

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
IC=TV+IRC
Functional Reserve Capacity (FRC)
Very Important
FRC=ERC+RV
The volume of air in the lungs at the end of a tidal exhalation
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
TLC= TV+ IRC+ ERV + RV
Vital Capacity
VC= TV+ IRV+ RV
The total volume of air that can be moved by a maximum inhalation and exhalation.
Minute Ventilation (MV)
MV= TV x RR
The amount of air moved wihtin a minute. similar to cardiac input.
Alveolar Ventilation (AV)
AV= (TV - DS) x RR
The amt of air that reaches the alveoli per minute.
Intrapleural Pressure Equation
Ptp =Palv - Pip
(ALWAYS POSITIVE)
INTERPLEURAL PRESSURE
(PIP)
Always negative
2 different missions
visceral pleura wants to go one way- towards the lungs
parental pleura want sto go another way- towards the ribs
Tidal Volume
TV
Resting “ tidal “ flow of air
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
IRV= vol above TV that can be inhaled
Expiratory Reserve Volume
ERV
Vol below TV that can be exhaled
Residual Volume
RV:
Vol of air that CANNOT be exhaled
-CANNOT BE MEASURE BY SPIROMETRY
A non invasive way to measure many lung volumes.
Spirometry
- Does not measure all volumes
(i. e. Residual Volumes (RV)).
Compliance
^C= (Delta V^)/Delta P
Emphysema
Alveoli and pulmonary cappillies destroyed.
Elastic Gone- Very Stretchy-
” like an old pair of sweat pants”
Destruction of the lungs’s elastic tissue; reduces recoil. INCREASES COMPLIANCE.
Can accomodate large levels of Volume
“Moves the EPP toward Alveoli= Dynamic Compression”

Pulmonary Fibrosis
Proliferation of connective tissue within lungs
-Deceasced strechabilty of lungs-VERY STIFF LUNGS
(Opposite of Emphysema- less stretch)
Decreased compliance
Name 3 Dead Spaces
1) Anatomical Dead Space: Sturctures that do not echange gases (approx 150 ml)
2) Alveolar Dead Space: Poor ventilated or perfused alveoli that donot eliminiate CO2 well.
3) Physiological Dead Space: The sum of anatoical and alveoli dead space.
Dynamic Compression
The effect of transmural pressure.
Equal Pressure Point
(EPP)
The anatomical point where the airway pressure and interpleural pressure is the SAME.
Astma
Astma is a acute inflammatory rxn to allergen.
Airway resistence is increased. driving pressure for air to leave is increased to accommodate= ELEVATED Pip =EPP moves towards alveoli= Dynamic compression.
FEV1
The volume of air exhaled in 1 second.
FVC
FVC= Forced Vital Capacity
The total air volume exhaled during Force Expiration.
NORMAL= One can exhale 80% of FVC wihtin 1-sec.
Obstructive Diseases
Decrease in the ability to exhale air.
3 types:
Emphysema: Increased C (compliance)
Chronic Bronchitis: Excess Mucus
Asthma: increased Pip
Restrictive Diseases
Decreased ability for the individual to move air in/out of lungs.
Can be due to stiffening of the lungs!!
Ex: Pulmonary Fibrosis, paralysis of CHX muscles. Pneumothorax, pleural effusion, damage to respiratory motor nerves, etc.