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T3 - IPES unit 2 > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

___: esophageal/lung carcinoma; characterized by coughing up blood

A

hemoptysis

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2
Q

___: vibration; hands on to feel; trying to findout the contents of the lungs

A

fremitus

palpitation

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3
Q

positive findings of fremitus

A

too much

not enough

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4
Q

___: pale in color

A

cyanotic

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5
Q

____: breath in normal; hard to breath out; uses 25% of total energy to breath; suffocating themselves; barrel chested; sounds like kettle drum

A

emphysema

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6
Q

something that sounds like emphysema but only on 1 side

A

pneumothorax

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7
Q

___: collapsed lung

A

atelectasis

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8
Q

____: air between visceral and parietal layers

A

pneumothorax

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9
Q

positive finds of chest excursion

A

asymmetry

- 1 or both sides dont expand that well

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10
Q

indications of chest excursion

A

chronic fibrosis of underlying lung/pleura
pleural effusion
lobar pneumonia
unilateral bronchial obstruction

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11
Q

during chest excursion if neither thumb expands… indicative of…

A

emphysema
asthma
entire T/S fused - ankylosing spondylitis

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12
Q

positive findings of chest expansion

A

less than 2” expansion in male

less than 1” expansion in females

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13
Q

indications of chest expansion

A

ankylosing spondylitis

lung pathology

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14
Q

mucous in the lungs indicative of

A

bronchiectasis

bronchial blocking

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15
Q

clubbing of the fingers indicative of ___ or ___ disease

A

lung

heart

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16
Q

clubbing of the fingers:

- ___+ degrees of distal phalange

A

180

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17
Q

___ first identified as clubbing being associated with disease

A

hippocrates

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18
Q

too much fremitis indicative of…

A

pneumonia

infection

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19
Q

atelectasis doesnt usually effect the ___ ___

A

whole lung

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20
Q

____: vibration felt through chest wall during vocalization

A

fremitus

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21
Q

fremitus increases with ___ air volume within the lung

A

decreased

ie. .
- excess fluid
- tumor
- consolidation

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22
Q

fremitus decreases with ___ separation of lungs and pleura

A

increase

  • emphysema
  • pleurisy
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23
Q

indication of increased fremitus

A

consolidation
pneumonia
cancer

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24
Q

indication of decreased fremitus

A

pleural effusion
pneumothorax
emphysema
COPD

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25
Q

other symptoms of pneumonia

A

increased core temp
very sick
intense malase

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26
Q

pneumothorax affects ___ side

A

1

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27
Q

emphysema affects ___ side

A

2

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28
Q

lungs become dull with ___ of chest wall or underlying lung ____

A

thickening

consolidation

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29
Q

lungs become hyperresonant or tympanic with ___ air within chest cavity

A

excessive

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30
Q

positive findings of lung percussion

A

dullness

tympany

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31
Q

indication of dullness on lung percussion

A

tumor
pneumonia
consolidation

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32
Q

indication of tympany on lung percussion

A

emphysema

pneumothorax

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33
Q

emphysema: poor ___ ___ and increased __ left in the lung

A

gas exchange

CO2

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34
Q

___: to evaluate for the presence of adventitious sounds

A

auscultation

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35
Q

4 normal breath sounds

A

vesicular
bronchovesicular
bronchial
tracheal

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36
Q

___ breath sounds: soft, low pitched; heart through inspiration; heart over both lungs

A

vesicular

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37
Q

____ breath sounds: heard equally on inspiration and expiration; may be separated by a small interval; intermediate intensity; mostly heart in 1st and 2nd ICS and between scapula

A

bronchovesicular

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38
Q

___ breath sounds; louder, high pitched sound; expiratory sound lasts longer than inspiratory; primarily over manubrium

A

bronchial

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39
Q

___ breath sounds: very loud, relatively high pitched sound; inspiratory and expiratory sounds are equal;

A

tracheal

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40
Q

3 abnormal breath sounds

A

rales
crackles
crepitus

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41
Q

3 noises heard on auscultation of the lung during inhalation

A

clicking
rattling
crackling

42
Q

rale is french for ___

A

rattle

43
Q

indications of abnormal breath sounds

A 
pneumonia
atelectasis
pulmonary fibrosis
acute bronchitis
bronchiectasis
44
Q

pulmonary edema secondary to ___ sided CHF can also cause rales

A

left

45
Q

_____ marked by mucous plugs

A

bronchiectasis

46
Q

_____: abnormal breath sound that is marked by a continuous sound

A

wheeze

47
Q

___: continuous, coarse, whistling sound produced in the respiratory airways during breathing

A

wheeze

48
Q

most common cause of wheeze = ___

A

asthma

49
Q

indications of wheeze

A 
COPD
pulmonary edema
anaphylaxis
bronchitis
emphysema
bronchiectasis
50
Q

___: constriction of the bronchioles; bronchodilators; adjust T4

A

asthma

51
Q

___ ___: SP NS activity increases; vasoconstrictors; bronchoconstriction; PS NS activity decreases

A

sports asthma

52
Q

___: abnormal breath sounds; coarse rattle; similar to snoring; gurgling sound

A

rhonchus

53
Q

ronchus caused by ____, ____ secretions in bronchial airways

A

thick, mucous

54
Q

___: continuous sound; high pitched sound resulting from turbulent gas flow int he upper airway

A

stridor

55
Q

stridor is indicative of…

A

serous airway obstruction

56
Q

3 potential causes to stridor

A

epiglottitis
foreign body
laryngeal tumor

57
Q

lung auscultation at ___ points

A

7

58
Q

positive findings of lung auscultation

A

no sound

adventitious sound present

59
Q

indications of lung ausculation

A

pneumonia
pneumothorax
asthma
emphysema

60
Q

respiratory ___: history includes complaint of air hunger, fatigue, press-syncope, and/or hunger

A

distress

61
Q

____: area of lung without appreciable of significant reduction of air space

A

consolidation

62
Q

consolidation may be coused by ___, ___ or ___

A

infection
tumor
fluid

63
Q

consolidation

  • precussive ___
  • increased fremitus if in ___
  • decreased fremitus if in ___ ___
  • ____ bronchial breath sounds
A

dullness
lung
pleural space
peripheralized

64
Q

fluid accumulates in the ___ when seated

fluid accumulates ____ when supine

A

flanks

everywhere

65
Q

___: increased resonance of voice sounds heard when auscultating lungs

A

egophony

66
Q

potential causes of egophony

A

infection
pleural effusion
tumor
congestion

67
Q

procedure of egophony

A

say “e”

hear “a”

68
Q

procedure of bronchophony

A

say “99”

want hear it muffled

69
Q

indications of bronchophony

A

pneumonia

tumor

70
Q

indications of whispered pectoriloquy

A

hear something

- consolidation

71
Q

air trapped in the lungs indicative of _____

A

COPD

72
Q

positive findings of air trapped in the lungs

A

hyper-resonant
tympanic percussion
decreased fremitus

73
Q

2 infections of the lungs

A

pneumonia

bronchitis

74
Q

infections

  • ___ respiratory rate
  • ___ temperature
A

increased

increased

75
Q

___: tapping

A

tapotement

76
Q

___: heat

A

diathermy

77
Q

4 COPD disorders that are associated with smoking and can lead to heart failure

A

asthma
emphysema
chronic bronchitis
bronchiectasis

78
Q

___ is episodic; due to constriction of smooth muscles in the bronchioles

A

asthma

79
Q

____ is non-episodic; which is due to internal lung damage

A

emphysema

80
Q

____: may be transient disorder of childhood; may be inflammatory response to environmental stimuli; episodic; no cure; resolves quickly with inhaled bronchodilators

A

asthma

81
Q

symptoms with asthma

  • ___ respiratory distress
  • ___ expiration
  • ____ expiratory wheezes
A

transient
prolonged
polyphonic

82
Q

___: chronic, progressive lung disease; due to damage to alveoli

A

emphysema

83
Q

symptoms of emphysema

A

shortness of breath
inability to participate in physical activity
advanced: breathing causes exhaustion

84
Q

pink puffer =

A

persons with emphysema can often be seen exhaling through pursed lips

85
Q

___ ___: inflammation or irritation of airways in the lungs; thick mucus forms making it difficult to get air INTO the lungs

A

chronic bronchitis

86
Q

symptoms of chronic bronchitis

A

productive cough
difficult inspiration
chest tightness
cyanosis

87
Q

most common cause of chronic bronchitis

A

smoking

88
Q

___: abnormal enlargement/stretching of respiratory passages; caused by mucus blockage

A

bronchiectasis

89
Q

bronchiectasis is marked by ___ ___ ___

A

tenacious mucus plugs

90
Q

symptoms of bronchiectasis

A
  • coughing aggravated by lying down
  • shortness of breath
  • abnormal chest sounds
  • weakness, weight loss, and fatigue
  • infections: mucus is discolored, foul smelling or blood
  • severity varies
  • patient can be asymptomatic
91
Q

GERD also occurs when lying down, ask location of pain bc it is marked by ___ pain

A

abdominal

92
Q

____: increase fremitus when palpating; productive cough; usually asymptomatic until very advanced; depends on size and location of tumor

A

neoplasm

93
Q

neoplasm: very advanced tumors can cause ____

A

cachexia

- unexplained weight loss and atrophy

94
Q

physical exam findings of neoplasm:

  • percussive ___
  • ___ fremitus over tumor
  • _____ bronchial breath sounds over tumor
  • possible ___
A

percussive dullness
increased fremitus over tumor
peripheralied bronchial breath sounds over tumor
possible wheeze

95
Q

___ tumor: tumor in the apex of lung

A

pancoast

96
Q

___ ___: narrow band of resonance between the muscles of the neck and structures of the shoulders

A

kronig’s isthmus

97
Q

____ syndrome: enopthalmoses, ptosis, and anhydrosis

A

horners

98
Q

____: inflammation of the membranes lining the chest cavity

A

pleurisy/pleuritis

99
Q

pleurisy/pleuritis caused by ____ infection

A

viral

100
Q

___: little or no chest expansion on affected side; modest increase in respiratory rate and depth; absent or limited breath sounds

A

hemiparesis of diaphragm

T3 - IPES unit 2 (2 decks)

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