Lung Sounds

Question 1

hollow, nonmusical, clearly heard in both phases of respiratory cycle

Answer 1

normal tracheal sound

Question 2

soft, nonmusical, heard only in inspiration, early expiration

Answer 2

normal lung sound

Question 3

soft, nonmusical, heard on both phases of respiratory cycle (mimics tracheal sound)

Answer 3

bronchial (tubular) breathing

Question 4

bronchial breathing indicates

Answer 4

patent airway surrounded by consolidated lung tissue (pneumonia) or fibrosis

Question 5

musical, high pitched, may be heard over upper airways or from a distance without stethoscope

Answer 5

stridor

Question 6

stridor indicates

Answer 6

upper airway obstruction,

Question 7

stridor on inspiration

Answer 7

associated with extra thoracic lesions (laringiomalacia, vocal cord lesion, lesion after extubation)

Question 8

stridor on expiration

Answer 8

tracheomalcia, bronchiomalacia, extrinsic compression

Question 9

biphasic stridor

Answer 9

fixed lesions (croup, b/l vocal cord paralysis, laryngeal mass or web)

Question 10

musical, high pitched, heard on expiration, inspiration or both

Answer 10

wheeze

Question 11

local wheeze indicates

Answer 11

narrowing or blocking (foreign body, tumor)

Question 12

widespread wheeze indicates

Answer 12

generalized narrowing, airflow limitation (COPD, asthma)

Question 13

absent wheeze

Answer 13

severe asthma, destructive emphysema

Question 14

musical low-pitched snore, heard on inspiration, expiration or both

Answer 14

rhonchus (clears with coughing)

Question 15

rhonchus indicates

Answer 15

rupture of fluid films, abnormal airway collapsibility, common with airway narrowing caused by mucosal thickening or edema, bronchospasm (bronchitis, COPD)

Question 16

nonmusical, short, explosive; mid-to-late inspiration, occasionally expiration, unaffected by cough, gravity depended, not transmitted by mouth

Answer 16

fine crackle

Question 17

fine crackle indicates

Answer 17

interstitial fibrosis, CHF, pneumonia. not related to secretions, can present before radiological findings are visible

Question 18

nonmusical, short, explosive;heard on early inspiration and throughout expiration, affected by cough, transmitted to mouth

Answer 18

coarse crackle

Question 19

coarse cracked indicates

Answer 19

intermittent airway opening related to secretions

Question 20

nonmusical, explosive, biphasic, typically basal

Answer 20

pleural friction rub

Question 21

pleural friction rub indicates

Answer 21

pleural inflammation, pleural tumors

Question 22

mixed sound with short musical component (short wheeze), accompanied or preceded by crackles

Answer 22

squawk

Question 23

squawk indicates

Answer 23

distal airway conditions. if not acutely ill, may suggest hypersensitivity pneumonia or interstitial lung disease; if acutely ill, think pneumonia.