lung physiology 5 : respiratory failiure

Question 1

what is hypoxia

Answer 1

low levels of oxygen in your body tissues

Question 2

symptoms of hypoxia

Answer 2

• changes in the color of your skin, ranging from blue to cherry red
• confusion
• cough
• fast heart rate
• rapid breathing
• shortness of breath
• slow heart rate
• sweating
• wheezing

Question 3

4 causes of hypoxia

Answer 3

1. Hypoventilation
2. V/Q mismatch
3. Shunting
4. Diffusion impairment

Question 4

what is hypercapnia

Answer 4

abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Question 5

what causes hypercapnia

Answer 5

as a result of hypoventilation
or
not being able to breathe properly and get oxygen into your lungs.

respiratory pump failure.

Question 6

symptoms of hypercapnia

Answer 6

• flushed skin
• drowsiness or inability to focus
• mild headaches
• feeling disoriented or dizzy
• feeling short of breath
• being abnormally tired or exhausted

Question 7

define respiratory failure

Answer 7

inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system leading to the inability to maintain normal concentration of blood gases

Question 8

partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in respiratory failure

Answer 8

PaO2 is lower than 60 mmHg
and/or
PaCO2 higher than 50 mmHg.

Question 9

is type 1 resp failiure hypoxia or hypercapnia

Answer 9

hypoxia

Question 10

is type 2 resp failiure hypoxia or hypercapnia

Answer 10

hypercapnia

Question 11

what happens to partial pressures in hypoxia

Answer 11

PaO2 < 60 mmHg

normal or subnormal PaCO2.

Question 12

what is type 1 resp failure

Answer 12

the gas exchange is impaired at the level of aveolo-capillary membrane

Question 13

examples of type 1 resp failiure

Answer 13

carcinogenic or non-cardiogenic pulmonary edemaa, ARDs, COVID-19 and severe pneumonia.

Question 14

what happens to partial pressure in hypercapnia

Answer 14

PaCO2 > 50 mmHg

Question 15

examples of type 2 resp failure

Answer 15

COPD, asthma

Question 16

does type 1 resp failure impact the whole lung

Answer 16

no overall lung function not impaired
because
the remaining normal lung is still sufficient to excrete the carbon dioxide being produced by tissue metabolism. this is because less functioning lung tissue is required for carbon dioxide excretion than is needed for oxygenation of the blood

Question 17

does type 2 resp failure impact the whole lung

Answer 17

yes

meaning carbon dioxide accumulates

Question 18

consequences of type 2 resp failure

Answer 18

• damage to vital organs due to hypoxemia
• CNS depression due to increased carbon dioxide levels
• respiratory acidosis (carbon dioxide retention)