lung disorders

Question 1

disorder of increased compliance

Answer 1

emphysema

Question 2

lack of surfactant

Answer 2

ARDS (infant or adult)

Decreased compliance

Question 3

Altered ion and water transport lead to thick mucus, failure of mucociliary clearance

Answer 3

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 4

lines alveoli and reduces surface tension

Answer 4

surfactant

Question 5

makes inflation easier

Answer 5

surfactant

Question 6

increases pleural fluid and may cause pleural effusion

Answer 6

pulmonary edema, nephrotic syndrome, or cirrhosis

Question 7

PFT - Volumes vs. capacities

Answer 7

Volumes do NOT overlap

Capacities can overlap

Question 8

Transpulmonary pressure during inspiration

Answer 8

Positive

Question 9

Diaphragm descends/chest wall expands

Answer 9

inspiration

Question 10

At end inspiration pressure increases from ___ to ____

Answer 10

5 cm H2O to 8 cm H2O

Question 11

Need less pressure and effort to distend

Answer 11

High compliance (emphysema)

Question 12

Need greater pressure to distend

Answer 12

Low compliance (fibrosis)

Question 13

phospholipid protein liquid

Answer 13

surfactant

Question 14

secreted by type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (ACE

Answer 14

surfactant

Question 15

Airway resistance is highest at ___

Answer 15

high lung volumes (TLC)

Question 16

High total cross-sectional area _____ airway resistance

Answer 16

decreases

Question 17

FEV1 is _____ percent of FVC

Answer 17

80%

Question 18

FEV1

Answer 18

Forced expiratory volume in the 1st second

Question 19

pressure inside the airways - pleural pressure

Answer 19

transpulmonary pressure

Question 20

Expiration collapses airways due to

Answer 20

negative transpulmonary pressure

pressure inside airways-pleural pressure

Question 21

Obstructive lung disease reduces what PFTs?

Answer 21

FEV1
FVC
FEV/FVC ratio

Question 22

Antibodies involved in Asthma

Answer 22

B-cell switches from IgG to IgE response

Question 23

Binds to mast cells in Asthma

Answer 23

IgE

Question 24

Mast cell degranulation in asthma releases

Answer 24

leukotriene via Gq-linked receptors

Question 25

Acute asthma attack mediated by

Answer 25

histamine

Question 26

late response asthma mediated by

Answer 26

eosinophils and other inflammatory cells

Question 27

persistent mild limitation of expiratory flow

Answer 27

asthma

Question 28

air space enlargement due to tissue destruction

Answer 28

Emphysema/COPD

Question 29

Chronic inflammation with cough and sputum production

Answer 29

Chronic bronchitis/COPD

Question 30

leukocyte infiltration, mucosal edema, smooth muscle hypertrophy, mucus hypersecretion

Answer 30

COPD

Question 31

physical signs of COPD

Answer 31

Increased chest dimension, cyanosis, pursed-lip breathing