lung disease Flashcards
what is tidal volume?
the volume of air taken in with each breath
what is ventilation rate?
number of breaths per minute
what is pulmonary ventilation?
the volume of air inhaled over one minute
what is the formula for pulmonary ventilation?
tidal volume x ventilation rate
how do we measure pulmonary ventilation?
spirometer which measures volume of air in lungs every second
in normal lungs, what does the high rate of diffusion result in?
high levels of oxygen enters blood/ high blood oxygen saturation
oxygen transported to cells
high levels of aerobic respiration are maintained
in people with lung disease, what does lower rates of diffusion result in?
lower levels of oxygen in blood/ blood less saturated with oxygen
less oxygen transported to cells
lower levels of aerobic respiration and possibly higher levels of anaerobic respiration
what does loss of elastic tissue lead to?
less elastic recoil so
less air leaves lungs
so reduction in tidal volume
so less fresh air breathed in
so conc gradient less steep
how do people with asthma have a less steep conc gradient for diffusion?
bronchi constriction and increased mucus production leads to increased air way resistance
so reduction in tidal volume
less fresh air breathed in
what is a risk factor?
any factor that increases the likelihood of developing a particular disease or condition
what are some risk factors for lung disease? 5
-smoking
-air pollution
-genetic makeup
-occupation
-infections
what is FEV?
forced expiratory volume -the volume of air a person can breathe out in one second
why might FEV measurements need to be repeated?
allows you to identify anomalies to be removed when calculating the mean
this makes the mean more reliable
what is a statement to always try and make when evaluating a conclusion?
correlation does not mean causation, a third factor may be involved.
what are some things we consider when evaluating a conclusion?
-how does data support the conclusion?
-how does data not support?
-do SD bars overlap? what does this mean?
-did the investigation actually test what the statement claims?
-was the sample used large enough?
-how was sample chosen? is there bias?
-has a control test been carried out?
-could any other factor be involved in the correlation?
