Lung Carcinoma Flashcards
(37 cards)
Early stage (local) disease survival at 5 years
80%
Late stage (distant metastasis) survival at 5 years
Median survival time of patients w/ late stage disease
1 year
Top three cancers for number of new cases per year: men
- prostate:26%
- lung/bronchus: 14 %
- colon/rectum: 8%
Top three cancers for new cases per year: women
- breast: 29%
- lung/bronchus: 13%
- colon/rectum: 8%
Top three cancers for annual deaths: men
- lung/bronchus: 28%
- prostate: 9%
- colon/rectum: 8%
Top three cancers for annual deaths: women
- lung/bronchus: 26%
- breast: 15%
- colon/rectum: 9%
Number of deaths per year from lung cancer
~155,000
Where would lung cancer rank among leading causes of death in the US
3, behind heart disease and other cancers
US lung cancer screen recommendations: age, smoking history, modality
- age: 55-74
- tobacco 33 pack years
- actively smoking or quit w/ in 15 years
- modality: low-dose CT chest
Why is there an age limit on screening recommendations
- with increasing age comes decreasing chance that the lung cancer, if it were to be found, would be treatable
Risk factors for lung cancer
- increasing age, tobacco, radon, occupational, genetic
- men more at risk than women
Tobacco and risk of lung cancer
- both primary, active, and secondary are related to lung cancer
- more you smoke the greater the risk
- appears as though any amount of smoking leads to increased risk
Occupational risk factors for lung cancer: metals
- indoor combustion cook stoves (coal): affects women
- asbestos
- metals: chromium, nickel, zinc, cadmium
- miners, pipe-fitters, welders, metal fabrication
Genetic risk of lung cancer
- 1.51 fold increase in risk after adjustment for smoking in first degree relatives
Women more likely to get what type of lung cancer
adenocarcinoma
Difference b/w smoking and non-smoking lung cancer
- smoking lung cancer more likely squamous cell carcinoma
- non smoking lung cancer more likely adenocarcinoma
Thoracic symptoms of lung cancer
- cough, dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, voice changes, dysphagia
Extra-thoracic symptoms of lung cancer
- bone pain (back pain), headache, seizures, neurologic deficits, abdominal swelling, shoulder pain
Common sites of lung cancer metastasis
- bone, brain, adrenal glands, liver, pleura
Systemic symptoms of lung cancer (paraneoplastic symptoms)
- anorexia, weight loss, clubbing of nails
Most popular staging at diagnosis & survival rate
> 50% are distant: which has the worst 5 year survival rate (~5%)
Systems focused on when doing a physical exam of patient w/ suspected lung cancer
- weight & weight history
- pulmonary, heart/vascular, lymph nodes, neurologic
Lab tests for patients w/ suspected lung cancer & what they indicate
- blood count, electrolytes, liver function, serum proteins
- indicate nutritional status, metastatic disease
