Lung Cancer - Clinical Features and Staging Flashcards
How many deaths because of cancer are due to lung cancer?
22%
What percentage of lung cancer does smoking account for?
Over 85%
What are risk factors for lung cancer?
Smoking Asbestos Radon Air pollution Diesel exhaust
What are the clinical symptoms of lung cancer?
Chronic coughing Coughing up blood Wheezing sound Chest and bone pain Difficulty swallowing (lymph glands can press on the gullet) Raspy, hoarse voice SOB Unexplained weight loss Nail Clubbing (sign of cancer and bronchiecstasis)
What are the metastatic effects of Lung Cancer?
What are the para neoplastic effects of lung cancer?
What are the clinical signs of lung cancer?
What are the initial investigations for lung cancer?
What are the tissue diagnosis tissue investigations?
Bronchoscopy (most common)
Ebus
Image guided lung biopsy
Image guided liver
FNA of neck node or skin metastasis
Excision of cerebral metstasis
Bone biopsy
Mediastinoscopy/otomy
Surgical excision biopsy
Which types of lung cancer have high associations with smoking?
Squamous cell and small cell carcinoma
What are the staging factors for a tumour?
What does prognosis depend on?
Staging and cell type
How do you stage nodal involvement and Metastasis?
What is prognosis like for small cell carsinoma and adenocarcinoma?
Small cell = bad
Adenocarcinoma = good
What is the point in a PET scan?
To determine micrometastasis in all parts of the body
What are the considerations for treatment decision?
Performance status is a measure of how fit a patient is and will give an idea of how well they will respond to treatment
How is performance status determined?
What are the surgical options for lung cancer treatment?
What are the radiotherapy options for treatment?
What are the chemotherapy options for treatment?
How can palliative management control symptoms?
What does palliative management apart from symptom control exists?
