Lung Cancer Flashcards
Give 4 risk factors for lung cancer
Smoking Passive smoking Asbestos exposure Family history of lung cancer Previous radiotherapy of the chest Increased age Obstructive airflow disorders
What are the main types of lung cancer?
Small cell lung cancer
Non small cell lung cancers –> adenocarcinoma, squamous cell cancer, large cell carcinoma
Give 5 clinical features of lung cancer
Persistent cough- >3 weeks Haemoptysis Dyspnoea Chest pain Pleural effusion SOB Hoarse voice Weight loss Wheeze Fatigue Horner's syndrome SVCO Dysphagia
Give 5 investigations that can be done to diagnose lung cancer
Chest x-ray Staging CT scan Bronchoscopy + Endobronchial US (EBUS) Lymph node biopsy Genetic testing Bloods --> FBC, U+Es, LFTs, Ca2+, INR Bone scan PET scan
Where does bone cancer commonly metastasise to?
Bone Liver Adrenals Brain Lymph nodes Lung (contralateral) Pleura
How is lung cancer managed?
Surgery –> lobectomy, pneumonectomy
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Palliative care –> symptom relief, endobronchial cryotherapy, stent to hold open airway
Give 3 risk factors for mesothelioma?
Asbestos exposure
Male
60-70 years old
Describe the pathophysiology of mesothelioma
Cancer in the parietal or visceral pleura that can grow diffusely in the pleural space. Can invade directly into the lung and mediastinum and cross the diaphragm into the peritoneum
Give 4 clinical features of mesothelioma
Presents late
Non-pleuritic chest pain Dyspnoea Weight loss Clubbing Fatigue Sweating Fever Hoarse voice SVCO Horner's syndrome
What investigations are done for mesothelioma?
Chest x-ray
CT Thorax
MRI thorax
US or CT guided biopsy
How is mesothelioma managed?
Surgery –> resect tumour
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Palliative care
