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CARPATH > LUNG CANCER > Flashcards

LUNG CANCER Flashcards

1
Q

represents the extent of the primary tumor

A

T

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2
Q

denotes the lymph node involvement

A

N

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3
Q

indicates the extent of metastasis

A

M

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4
Q

No evidence of tumor.

A

TO

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5
Q

Cannot be assessed or is not apparently radiologically or bronchoscopically

A

Tx

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6
Q

Cancer in situ.

A

Tis

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7
Q

<3 cm, in lobar bronchus or distal airways, no local invasion

A

T1

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8
Q

> 3 cm, tumor in the main bronchus (w/in 2
cm of the carina) or with atelectasis and involves the visceral pleura.

A

T2

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9
Q

any size, located in the main bronchus or tumor with atelectasis, invades the chest wall, diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, or parietal
pericardium.

A

T3

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10
Q
  • any size
  • located as satellite tumor nodule(s) w/in the ipsilateral primary-tumor lobe of the lung
  • INVADES:
    Mediastinum
    Heart
    Greatvessels
    Trachea
    Esophagus
    Vertebral body
    Carina
A

T4

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11
Q

Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed

A

Nx

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12
Q

Absence of regional lymph node involvement

A

NO

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13
Q

(+) metastasis to ipsilateral peribronchial or ipsilateral hilar lymphnodes or both

A

N1

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14
Q

(+) metastasis to ipsilateral mediastinal or subcarinal lymph nodes or both

A

N2

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15
Q

(+) metastasis to contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, supraclavicular

A

N3

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16
Q

Metastasis cannot be assessed

A

Mx

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17
Q

Absence of distant metastasis

A

MO

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18
Q

(+) Distant metastasis

A

M1

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19
Q
  • The cancer is limited to the lining of the bronchial airways
  • There is no involvement of the lung tissue or distant metastasis
  • Usually found during bronchoscopy
  • TisN0M0
A

Stage 0

20
Q
  • Tumor is<3 cm and located in lobar or distal airways
  • No lung tissue involvement or distant metastasis
  • T1N0M0
A

Stage 1

21
Q
  • The cancer has invaded neighboring lymph nodes or spread to the chest wall
  • No distant metastasis
  • T1N1M0
A

Stage 2

22
Q
  • Tumor is any size, is in the main bronchus, or the tumor is accompanied by atelectasis or
    obstructive pneumonitis
  • Local invasion includes chest wall, diaphragm, mediastinal, pleural, or parietal pericardium
  • (+) metastasis to ipsilateral peribronchial or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes or both
  • No distant metastasis
  • T3N1M0
A

Stage IIIa

23
Q
  • Ca has spread locally to mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, vertebral body, carina
  • (+) malignant pleural or pericardial effusion
  • May be involvement of any of the lymph node groups
  • No distant metastasis
  • T4, any N, M0
A

Stage IIIb

24
Q
  • Ca is any size
  • Involves any of the lymph node groups
  • Has spread to other parts of the body(e.g. liver, bones, or brain)
  • T any, N any, M1
A

Stage IV

25
Q

Two types of small cell lung carcinoma

A
  • limited
  • extensive
26
Q

Ca is confined to only one lung and to its neighboring lymph nodes

A

Limited

27
Q
  • Cahas spread beyond one lung and nearby lymph nodes
  • May have invaded both lungs, more remote lymph nodes, or other organs
A

Extensive

28
Q

CARDIOPULMONARY CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

A

Weight loss
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Cyanosis
Cough, sputum production,hemoptysis
Crackles, rhonchi, wheezing

29
Q

(PFT RESULTS)
- malignancy obstructs
major airways, esp when (+) COPD

A

Obstructive

30
Q

(PFT RESULTS)
- large amounts of pulmonary tissue, chest wall, and/or diaphragm are involved

A

Restrictive

31
Q

(ABG RESULTS)
- Acute alveolar hyperventilation with hypoxemia (acute respiratory alkalosis)

A

Localized Lung Ca

32
Q

(ABG RESULTS)
- Acute ventilatory failure with hypoxemia
(acute respiratory acidosis)

A

Extensive or Widespread Lung Ca

33
Q

Surgery for NSCLC limited to only one lung, up to —–

A

Stage IIIa

34
Q

partial removal of a lung lobe

A

Wedge resection

35
Q

removal of a lung segment or segments

A

Segmentectomy

36
Q

removal of one lung lobe

A

Lobectomy

37
Q

removal of two lung lobes

A

Bilobectomy

38
Q

removal of whole right or left lung

A

Pneumonectomy

39
Q
  • any treatment involving the use of chemical agents or drugs that are selectively destructive to malignant Ca cells
  • S/E: N&V, dizziness, fatigue, increased risk for infection
    *Primary tx for SCLC (w/ radiation)
    *Cisplatin and etoposide
  • Carboplatin, gemcitabine, paclitaxel,
    vinorelbine, topotecan, irinotecan
A

Chemotherapy

40
Q
  • often given w/ chemotherapy.
  • GOAL: kill Ca cells without hurting normal tissue cells
  • S/E: redness, swelling, sloughing of skin,
    increased risk for infxn, radiation fibrosis, N&V, change of taste, fatigue, malaise
A

Radiation therapy

41
Q

May be used w/ curative intent inpatients
w/ NSCLC who are not eligible for surgery.
- used when the tumor can be visualized w/ bronchoscopy; entails the use of small radioactive rods (seeds) implanted near or directly into the tumor

A

Brachytherapy

42
Q

is used in patients w/ limited-stage SCLC;
used to minimize risk of Ca metastasis to
the brain.

A

Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI)

43
Q

uses special equipment to position the patient
and precisely deliver radiation to a tumor.

A

Stereotactic radiation therapy

44
Q

RT MANAGEMENT

A

Oxygen Therapy
Bronchopulmonary Hygiene Therapy
Lung Expansion Therapy
Aerosolized Medication Therapy

45
Q
A

CARPATH (2 decks)

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