Lung Anatomy Flashcards
What is the bony landmark of tracheal bifurcation?
Sternal angle (bony ridge between the manubrium and body), and T4 posteriorly.
What is the job of the nose?
Filters, humidifies and warms air.
This is a common area used for both respiratory and digestive systems.
Pharynx
This connects the pharynx to the trachea.
Larynx
What does the parietal pleura cover?
The inner surface of the thoracic cage, diaphragm and mediastinal border of lung.
What does the visceral pleura cover?
Wraps the outer surface of the lung including the fissure lines.
What is the interpleural space?
Potential space between the two pleura that maintains the approximation of the ribcage and lungs, allowing forces to be transmitted from one structure to another (mucous layer allows lungs to move in the chest wall - vacuum seal anables expansion of the lungs when the chest wall expands).
Which bronchus is more vertically oriented?
The right main bronchus (the left is more horizontal).
How many generations are in the lungs and what are they called?
16-20 generations in the lung. Starts with trachea - then left and right main bronchi - then segmental bronchi (8 generations) - then terminal bronchioles - then respiratory bronchioles - then alveolar ducts - then alveolar sacs
What are the conducting airways?
Trachea, to terminal bronchioles - transport air only no gas exchange.
What are the respiratory airways (or units)?
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli (diffusion of gas occurs through all of these structures)
Where do you find the cartilage rings?
From trachea to the non respiratory bronchioles (where cartilage is patchy)
What is the mucociliary clearance/escalator system?
Cilia that beats rhythmically and sways to move layer of mucous and particles up the airway (whip like movements) - - - known to be temporarily paralyzed by smoking.
What are the protective barriers in the respiratory system?
Nose, epithelium and cilia, mucous, immune response (neutrophils and macrophages).
Name the bronchopulmonary segments according to lobe for the right lung.
Superior lobe: Apical, Anterior, Posterior
Middle lobe: Lateral, medial
Inferior lobe: Anterior basal, medial basal, lateral basal, posterior basal, superior
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| Name the bronchopulmonary segements according to lobe for the left lung.</p>
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Superior lobe: Apico-posterior, anterior</p>
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Lingula: Superior, inferior</p>
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Inferior lobe: Superior, anteromedial basal, posterior basal, lateral basal</p>
