Lung Flashcards

1
Q

Tidal Volume (TV)

A

Normal breathing 500ml

  • Controlled by pneumotaxic center
  • Starts Herring breuer reflex
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2
Q

Inspiratory Reserve volume (IRV)

A

Forced inspiration 3000ml

  • Apneustic center in pons–>turns off pneumotaxic
  • Shuts down Herring breur reflex
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3
Q

Expiratory Reserve volume (ERV)

A

Forced expiration 1100ml

*controlled by rectus abdominus

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4
Q

Residual volume (RV)

A

Keeps lung from collapse 1200ml

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5
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

IRV+TV=3500ml

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6
Q

Functional Residual capacity

A

ERV+RV=2300ml

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7
Q

Vital Capacity

A

IRV+TV=ERV=IC+RV=4600ml

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8
Q

Total Lung volume

A

IRV+ERV+TV+RV=5800ml

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9
Q

Dead space

A

air in pulmonary tree not involved with gas exchange

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10
Q

Respiration is controlled by what nerve?

A

Dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus (X)

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11
Q

Alveolar pressure

A

Slightly negative–>Normal quiet inspiration

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12
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

opposes alveolar pressure

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13
Q

Pleural pressure

A

Negative pressure: Keeps lungs open. Pressure of fluid in space between lung pleura and chest wall

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14
Q

Transpulmonary pressure

A

Difference between alevolar pressure and pleural pressure.

*Elastic forces in the lung AKA RECOIL PRESSURE

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15
Q

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

Lack of surfactant at birth

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16
Q

Bohr effect on inspiration at Lung

A

Hemoglobin binds 4O2–>releases H+, CO2, DPG, increases temp

*Shift to “Left=Shit to the Lung”

17
Q

Bohr effect on inspiration at Tissue

A

Hemoglobin releases O2–>Binds H+, CO2, DPG, decreases temp

18
Q

Lung is made of what type of tissue?

A

Pseudostratitifed ciliated columnar epithelium

19
Q

Alveolar sacs are made of what type of tissue?

A

simple squamous epithelium

20
Q

Which type of lung cell does gas exchange?

A

Type 1 pneuymocytes

21
Q

What type of lung cell is responsible for surfactant production?

A

Type 2 pneumocytes

*Will lack in premature born children causing ARDS (Acute respiratory distress syndrome)

22
Q

Macrophages of the lung?

A

Dust Cells

23
Q

Fluid in lungs collect at what recess?

A

Costo-diaghragmatic recess

24
Q

Which lung cells produce mucus?

A

Goblet cells

25
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Increased H+, CO2,

Decreased O2

26
Q

Purpose of Chlroide shift

A

to keep pH constant: 7.35-7.45

27
Q

Decreased ventilation leads to Respiratory Acidosis or Alkalosis?

A

Resp. Acidosis

  • Caused by holding breath
  • tx: Urinate NH4+
28
Q

Increased ventilation leads to Respiratory Acidosis or Alkalosis?

A

Resp. Alkalosis

  • Cause by hyperventialtion
  • tx: bag over head or excrete NaCO3 (bicarbonate)
29
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Decreased H+, CO2

Increased O2

30
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Non lung

  • Losing HCO3—>diarrhea, DM: ketoacidosis
  • tx: hyperventilation blowing off CO2
  • **if DM, smell ketones
31
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Non lung

  • Losing HCL->Bulimia
  • Losing H+->Diuretics
  • tx: Slow breathing