Lung

Question 1

Tidal Volume (TV)

Answer 1

Normal breathing 500ml

• Controlled by pneumotaxic center
• Starts Herring breuer reflex

Question 2

Inspiratory Reserve volume (IRV)

Answer 2

Forced inspiration 3000ml

• Apneustic center in pons–>turns off pneumotaxic
• Shuts down Herring breur reflex

Question 3

Expiratory Reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 3

Forced expiration 1100ml

*controlled by rectus abdominus

Question 4

Residual volume (RV)

Answer 4

Keeps lung from collapse 1200ml

Question 5

Inspiratory capacity

Answer 5

IRV+TV=3500ml

Question 6

Functional Residual capacity

Answer 6

ERV+RV=2300ml

Question 7

Vital Capacity

Answer 7

IRV+TV=ERV=IC+RV=4600ml

Question 8

Total Lung volume

Answer 8

IRV+ERV+TV+RV=5800ml

Question 9

Dead space

Answer 9

air in pulmonary tree not involved with gas exchange

Question 10

Respiration is controlled by what nerve?

Answer 10

Dorsal motor nucleus of Vagus (X)

Question 11

Alveolar pressure

Answer 11

Slightly negative–>Normal quiet inspiration

Question 12

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 12

opposes alveolar pressure

Question 13

Pleural pressure

Answer 13

Negative pressure: Keeps lungs open. Pressure of fluid in space between lung pleura and chest wall

Question 14

Transpulmonary pressure

Answer 14

Difference between alevolar pressure and pleural pressure.

*Elastic forces in the lung AKA RECOIL PRESSURE

Question 15

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Answer 15

Lack of surfactant at birth

Question 16

Bohr effect on inspiration at Lung

Answer 16

Hemoglobin binds 4O2–>releases H+, CO2, DPG, increases temp

*Shift to “Left=Shit to the Lung”

Question 17

Bohr effect on inspiration at Tissue

Answer 17

Hemoglobin releases O2–>Binds H+, CO2, DPG, decreases temp

Question 18

Lung is made of what type of tissue?

Answer 18

Pseudostratitifed ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 19

Alveolar sacs are made of what type of tissue?

Answer 19

simple squamous epithelium

Question 20

Which type of lung cell does gas exchange?

Answer 20

Type 1 pneuymocytes

Question 21

What type of lung cell is responsible for surfactant production?

Answer 21

Type 2 pneumocytes

*Will lack in premature born children causing ARDS (Acute respiratory distress syndrome)

Question 22

Macrophages of the lung?

Answer 22

Dust Cells

Question 23

Fluid in lungs collect at what recess?

Answer 23

Costo-diaghragmatic recess

Question 24

Which lung cells produce mucus?

Answer 24

Goblet cells

Question 25

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 25

Increased H+, CO2, | Decreased O2

Question 26

Purpose of Chlroide shift

Answer 26

to keep pH constant: 7.35-7.45

Question 27

Decreased ventilation leads to Respiratory Acidosis or Alkalosis?

Answer 27

Resp. Acidosis * Caused by holding breath * tx: Urinate NH4+

Question 28

Increased ventilation leads to Respiratory Acidosis or Alkalosis?

Answer 28

Resp. Alkalosis * Cause by hyperventialtion * tx: bag over head or excrete NaCO3 (bicarbonate)

Question 29

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 29

Decreased H+, CO2 | Increased O2

Question 30

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 30

Non lung * Losing HCO3--->diarrhea, DM: ketoacidosis * tx: hyperventilation blowing off CO2 * **if DM, smell ketones

Question 31

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 31

Non lung * Losing HCL->Bulimia * Losing H+->Diuretics * tx: Slow breathing