Lung

Question 1

external feature of lung except fissure

Answer 1

apex: above rib 1 and into the root of neck
base = diaphragmatic surface
costal surface: next to ribs and thoracic wall
mediastinal surface: lies against the mediastinum anteriorly and the vertebral column posteriorly, contains hilum of the lung
hilum and root: bronchus, pulmonary arteries and veins
anterior border: sharp
posterior border: smooth and round
inferior border: sharp

Question 2

Fissure of lungs

Answer 2

RIGHT LUNG:
Oblique fissure: separate superior and middle lobe
(T4–> 5TH INTERSPACE–> RIB VI)
Horizontal fissure: separate middle and inferior lobe
(4TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE –> RIB 5 POSTERIORLY)

LEFT LUNG:
Oblique fissure
(T3/4–> 5TH INTERSPACE–> RIB VI)

Question 3

Lingula

Answer 3

Tongue-like extension

anterior border of the lower part of the superior lobe of the left lung

Question 4

only found in left lung

Answer 4

Groove for Esophagus anterior and slightly medial to that of thoracic aorta, aortic arch, heart (cardic impression), cardiac notch, groove for left subclavian artery on the cervical pleura near the apex, lingula

Question 5

Root of lung

Answer 5

T5-7 (recall bifurcation of trachea at T4)
contains bronchus at the more posterior side
pulmonary vein at the more inferior part
pulmonary artery on top of vein for left lung but anterior to vein for right lung

also contain lymph vessels, nodes, nerves

Question 6

Pulmonary ligament

Answer 6

at hilum, parietal and visceral pleura meet

Question 7

blood supply to bronchus and esophagus

Answer 7

bronchial artery and esophageal artery coming out of descending aorta

Question 8

Bifurcation of trachea where

Answer 8

at T4 where sternal angle, start and end of aortic arch

Question 9

Bronchopulmonary segment

Answer 9

there are 10 segments for each lung. each has a segmental bronchus and artery. After the main bronchi enter the hila of the lung, it branches to form the bronchial tree. Each bronchus divides into lobar bronchi (secondary), two on the left and three on the right, each supply a lobe of the lung. Then each lobar bronchus divides into segmental bronchi (tertiary bronchi) that supplies bronchopulmonary segments. Each segment is pyramidal with its apex directed toward the root of the lung and its base at the pleural surface. Each segment also receives a segmental artery (tertiary branch of the pulmonary artery) and is drained by intersegmental parts of the pulmonary veins. Inside each segment, the segmental (tertiary) bronchi branches to 20-25 terminal bronchioles –> respiratory bronchioles –> 2 to 11 alveolar ducts –> 5-6 alveolar sacs