Lumps/Nodules Flashcards
Reactive lymphadenopathy
- most common cause of neck swellings
- may be history of local infection or generalised viral illness
Lymphoma
- rubbery, painless lymphadenopathy
- night sweats & splenomegaly
Thyroid swelling
hypothyroid euthyroid hyperthyroid symptomatically moves upwards when swallowing
Branchial Cyst
Oval, mobile cystic mass that develops between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the pharynx.
Develops due to failure of obliteration of second branchial cleft in embryonic development.
Most common in early adulthood.
Cystic Hygromas
Congenital lymphatic lesion (lymphaginoma) typically found in neck, classically on left side, in the posterior triangle of the neck.
Most are evident at birth
Around 90% present before 2 years
Thyroid mass
central
solid
Solitary Thyroid Nodule Investigations:
Nodule (swelling) arises withing a previously normal thyroid.
Common in females, usually between 30-40 years
5% risk of malignancy
Solitary Thyroid Nodule Investigations & Treatment
Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology FNAC Ultrasound scanning TFT Isotope scanning if low TSH Treatment: Thyroid Lobectomy
Thyroglossal Cyst
Dilation of thyroglossal duct remnant Can protrude onto tongue Moves upwards on tongue protrusion May become infected - painful Usually midline between isthmus of the thyroid and the hyoid bone.
Thyroglossal Cyst affects who?
patients under 20 years
Thyroglossal Cyst
Investigation & Treatment
Ultrasound
Excision
Pharyngeal Pouch
formed from herniation of pharyngeal mucosa, between thyropharyngeus and cricoppharngeus msucles of the inferior constrictor of the pharynx
Pharyngeal Pouch Presentation
Voice hoarseness Dysphagia Regurgitation Aspiration Pneumonia Weight loss Neoplasia 1%
Pharyngeal Pouch Investigation & Treatment
Barium Swallow
Excision
