Lumbar Spine Anomalies

Question 1

A failure of bone to form is called ________.

Answer 1

Aplasia

Question 2

A failure of bone to grow to normal size is called ________.

Answer 2

Hypoplasia

Question 3

Abnormal growth of bone is called ________.

Answer 3

Dysplasia

Question 4

Overgrowth of bone is called ________.

Answer 4

Hypertrophy

Question 5

Having extra vertebrae or fingers is called ________.

Answer 5

Supernumerary parts

Question 6

An example of arrested development is ________.

Answer 6

Spina bifida

Question 7

When a anomaly is ________, it involves a single vertebra.

Answer 7

Localized

Question 8

Anomalies of the lumbar spine are the ________ most common anomaly.

Answer 8

Third

Question 9

________ defects are the second most prevalent congenital anomaly worldwide.

Answer 9

Neural tube

Question 10

Lack of ________ in the diet can lead to neural tube defects.

Answer 10

Folate

Question 11

An incomplete fusion or malformation of the bone and neural structures of the spine region by errors in the closure of the neural tube is known as ________.

Answer 11

Spinal dysraphism

Question 12

________ is the most common congenital abnormality of the spine.

Answer 12

Spina bifida

Question 13

In spina bifida ________, there is no herniation of the meninges through the defect.

Answer 13

Occulta

Question 14

There is a herniation of the meninges through the defect in ________ and herniation of the meninges and nerve roots through the defect in ________. These are both types of spina bifida ________.

Answer 14

Meningocele, meningomyelocele, aperta

Question 15

________ represents a stress fracture or anomalous development of the pars interarticularis.

Answer 15

Spondylolysis

Question 16

________ is usually due to stress or fatigue fractures of the pars interarticularis of the named vertebrae.

Answer 16

Spondylolisthesis

Question 17

Anterior displacement of L5 is usually due to a ________.

Answer 17

Spondylolisthesis

Question 18

A thin elongated pars interarticularis that is prone to fracture is seen in ________ spondylolisthesis.

Answer 18

Dysplastic/congenital

Question 19

The most common type of spondylolisthesis is ________.

Answer 19

Isthmic

Question 20

As grading of spondylolisthesis goes from 1-4, the degree of slippage ________.

Answer 20

Increases

Question 21

Susceptible populations for spondylolisthesis consist of ________, ________, and ________.

Answer 21

Gymnasts, dancers, paratroopers

Question 22

Treatment for spondylolisthesis is usually ________.

Answer 22

Conservative

Question 23

OMM treatment for spondylolisthesis is usually ________ oriented.

Answer 23

Myofascially

Question 24

The tendency for facets to change or turn is called ________.

Answer 24

Facet tropism

Question 25

Facet tropism can be seen on x-ray as an absence of the ________.

Answer 25

Zygopophyseal joint

Question 26

Transitional segments can either occur as ________ or ________.

Answer 26

Sacralization, lumbarization

Question 27

________ is characterized by anomalous enlargement of the transverse process(es) of the most caudal vertebra.

Answer 27

Bertolotti’s syndrome

Question 28

Similar to spondylolisthesis, transitional segment treatment is ________.

Answer 28

Conservative