Lumbar Spine Anomalies

Question 1

Anterior displacement of L5 is usually due to a ________.

Answer 1

Spondylolisthesis

Question 2

Transitional segments can either occur as ________ or ________.

Answer 2

Sacralization, lumbarization

Question 3

There is a herniation of the meninges through the defect in ________ and herniation of the meninges and nerve roots through the defect in ________. These are both types of spina bifida ________.

Answer 3

Meningocele, meningomyelocele, aperta

Question 4

In spina bifida ________, there is no herniation of the meninges through the defect.

Answer 4

Occulta

Question 5

Anomalies of the lumbar spine are the ________ most common anomaly.

Answer 5

Third

Question 6

The most common type of spondylolisthesis is ________.

Answer 6

Isthmic

Question 7

________ is usually due to stress or fatigue fractures of the pars interarticularis of the named vertebrae.

Answer 7

Spondylolisthesis

Question 8

A thin elongated pars interarticularis that is prone to fracture is seen in ________ spondylolisthesis.

Answer 8

Dysplastic/congenital

Question 9

OMM treatment for spondylolisthesis is usually ________ oriented.

Answer 9

Myofascially

Question 10

When a anomaly is ________, it involves a single vertebra.

Answer 10

Localized

Question 11

A failure of bone to form is called ________.

Answer 11

Aplasia

Question 12

An incomplete fusion or malformation of the bone and neural structures of the spine region by errors in the closure of the neural tube is known as ________.

Answer 12

Spinal dysraphism

Question 13

________ is the most common congenital abnormality of the spine.

Answer 13

Spina bifida

Question 14

________ represents a stress fracture or anomalous development of the pars interarticularis.

Answer 14

Spondylolysis

Question 15

The tendency for facets to change or turn is called ________.

Answer 15

Facet tropism

Question 16

Overgrowth of bone is called ________.

Answer 16

Hypertrophy

Question 17

As grading of spondylolisthesis goes from 1-4, the degree of slippage ________.

Answer 17

Increases

Question 18

Having extra vertebrae or fingers is called ________.

Answer 18

Supernumerary parts

Question 19

Abnormal growth of bone is called ________.

Answer 19

Dysplasia

Question 20

________ defects are the second most prevalent congenital anomaly worldwide.

Answer 20

Neural tube

Question 21

Treatment for spondylolisthesis is usually ________.

Answer 21

Conservative

Question 22

Similar to spondylolisthesis, transitional segment treatment is ________.

Answer 22

Conservative

Question 23

________ is characterized by anomalous enlargement of the transverse process(es) of the most caudal vertebra.

Answer 23

Bertolotti’s syndrome

Question 24

A failure of bone to grow to normal size is called ________.

Answer 24

Hypoplasia

Question 25

Lack of ________ in the diet can lead to neural tube defects.

Answer 25

Folate

Question 26

An example of arrested development is ________.

Answer 26

Spina bifida

Question 27

Susceptible populations for spondylolisthesis consist of ________, ________, and ________.

Answer 27

Gymnasts, dancers, paratroopers

Question 28

Facet tropism can be seen on x-ray as an absence of the ________.

Answer 28

Zygopophyseal joint