lumbar spine

Question 0

what is spondylosis?

Answer 0

degeneration of the intervertebral disc

Question 1

how many facet joints are there in the lumbar spine?

Answer 1

ten(5 pairs)

Question 2

what is spondylolysis?

Answer 2

defect of the pars interarticularis

Question 3

what is spondylolisthesis?

Answer 3

a forward displacement of one vertebra over another

Question 4

what is retrolisthesis?

Answer 4

backward displacement of one vertebra over another

Question 5

what is lumbarization?

Answer 5

the S1 segment is mobile and becomes a sixth lumbar vertebra

Question 6

what is sacralization?

Answer 6

the fifth lumbar segment is fused to the sacrum which results in four mobile lumbar vertebrae

Question 7

what are the main ligaments of the lumbar spine?

Answer 7

anterior/posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, supraspinous and interspinous ligament, and the intertransverse ligament

Question 8

what is an important ligament that is unique to the lumbar spine?

Answer 8

iliolumbar ligament that connects L5 to the ilium

Question 9

what movement does the iliolumbar ligament prevent?

Answer 9

anterior displacement of L5

Question 10

what percent of the total length of the vertebral column do the intervertebral discs make up

Answer 10

20-25%

Question 11

what percentage of water is in the intervertebral disc initially and with age?

Answer 11

85-90% and 65% with age

Question 12

what are the four types of dics herniations?

Answer 12

protrusion, prolapse, extrusion, and sequestration

Question 13

in the lumbar and thoracic spine the nerve roots exit below or above there named vertebrae

Answer 13

vertebrae above it

Question 14

in the cervical spine the nerve roots exit below or above there named vertebrae

Answer 14

below the vertebrae

Question 15

what is the most common site of problems in the vertebral column?

Answer 15

L5-S1

Question 16

what is centralization?

Answer 16

pain that is moving toward or is centred in the lumbar spine

“it’s healing getting better”

Question 17

what is peripheralization?

Answer 17

the pain is being referred or is moving into a limb

Question 18

where does lumbar and sacroiliac pain refer

Answer 18

the buttock, posterior leg, and lateral aspect of the leg

Question 19

where does hip pain refer?

Answer 19

groin and anterior thigh

Question 20

what is intrathecal pressure?

Answer 20

the pressure inside the covering of the spinal cord

Question 21

what condition in the lumbar spine causes a step deformity?

Answer 21

spondylolisthesis

Question 22

where in the lumbar spine is the greatest motion?

Answer 22

between L4-L5 and L5-S1

Question 23

with the gillets which way would the PSIS move if something was wrong(positive)

Answer 23

the PSIS goes superiorly

Question 24

L5-S1 test which hamstring muscle

Answer 24

semimembrinosus

Question 25

S1-S2 test which hamstring muscle

Answer 25

biceps femoris

Question 26

what is lumbosacral tunnel syndrome?

Answer 26

compression of L5 nerve root as it passes under the iliolumbar ligament

Question 27

what level of the spine does the umbilicus lie at?

Answer 27

L3-L4

Question 28

what quadrant are the kidneys in?

Answer 28

left and right upper quadrant

Question 29

what quadrant is the spleen in?

Answer 29

left upper quadrant

Question 30

where is the most common level of the spine for spondylolisthesis to occur?

Answer 30

L4-L5 or L5-S1