lumbar spine Flashcards
what is spondylosis?
degeneration of the intervertebral disc
how many facet joints are there in the lumbar spine?
ten(5 pairs)
what is spondylolysis?
defect of the pars interarticularis
what is spondylolisthesis?
a forward displacement of one vertebra over another
what is retrolisthesis?
backward displacement of one vertebra over another
what is lumbarization?
the S1 segment is mobile and becomes a sixth lumbar vertebra
what is sacralization?
the fifth lumbar segment is fused to the sacrum which results in four mobile lumbar vertebrae
what are the main ligaments of the lumbar spine?
anterior/posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, supraspinous and interspinous ligament, and the intertransverse ligament
what is an important ligament that is unique to the lumbar spine?
iliolumbar ligament that connects L5 to the ilium
what movement does the iliolumbar ligament prevent?
anterior displacement of L5
what percent of the total length of the vertebral column do the intervertebral discs make up
20-25%
what percentage of water is in the intervertebral disc initially and with age?
85-90% and 65% with age
what are the four types of dics herniations?
protrusion, prolapse, extrusion, and sequestration
in the lumbar and thoracic spine the nerve roots exit below or above there named vertebrae
vertebrae above it
in the cervical spine the nerve roots exit below or above there named vertebrae
below the vertebrae
what is the most common site of problems in the vertebral column?
L5-S1
what is centralization?
pain that is moving toward or is centred in the lumbar spine
“it’s healing getting better”
what is peripheralization?
the pain is being referred or is moving into a limb
where does lumbar and sacroiliac pain refer
the buttock, posterior leg, and lateral aspect of the leg
where does hip pain refer?
groin and anterior thigh
what is intrathecal pressure?
the pressure inside the covering of the spinal cord
what condition in the lumbar spine causes a step deformity?
spondylolisthesis
where in the lumbar spine is the greatest motion?
between L4-L5 and L5-S1
with the gillets which way would the PSIS move if something was wrong(positive)
the PSIS goes superiorly
L5-S1 test which hamstring muscle
semimembrinosus
S1-S2 test which hamstring muscle
biceps femoris
what is lumbosacral tunnel syndrome?
compression of L5 nerve root as it passes under the iliolumbar ligament
what level of the spine does the umbilicus lie at?
L3-L4
what quadrant are the kidneys in?
left and right upper quadrant
what quadrant is the spleen in?
left upper quadrant
where is the most common level of the spine for spondylolisthesis to occur?
L4-L5 or L5-S1
