Lumbar iRA/tRA

Question 1

What is the ring apophysis?

Answer 1

ring on periphery of caudal and cranial surfaces
- body of vertebrae

Question 2

What is the role of the pedicles?

Answer 2

Transmit force from posterior components to vertebral bodies

Question 3

What provides lever arms for muscles? Which direction do they project?

Answer 3

transverse processes
- project posterolaterally

Question 4

Function of lamina

Answer 4

• protect neural structures
• transmit forces from articular and spinous processes

Question 5

What transmits forces from horizontal pedicle to vertically oriented lamina?

Answer 5

pars interarticularis

Question 6

shape and size of foramen

Answer 6

• triangular
• larger than thoracic but smaller than cervical

Question 7

_____ contains conus medullaris

Answer 7

L1

Question 8

_______ contain cauda equina and spinal meninges

Answer 8

L2-L5

Question 9

Interspinous ligaments are ______ and ________ in nature

Answer 9

paired and proprioceptive

Question 10

Which ligament checks flexion motion?

Answer 10

ligamenta flava

Question 11

The iliolumbar ligament spans from _____________ to ___________

Answer 11

transverse process of L5 to anteromedial surface of ilium

Question 12

Function and motions resisted by iliolumbar ligament

Answer 12

• prevents anterior slipping of L5 on sacrum
• resists motions of rotation, flexion, and lateral flexion

Question 13

innervation of lumbar erector spinae muscles

Answer 13

spinal nerves
- medial branch of posterior ramus

Question 14

action of multifidus

Answer 14

eccentrically controls flexion of vertebrae inter-segmentally when oblique abdominal muscles rotate the spine

Question 15

bilateral and unilateral action of external oblique

Answer 15

Bilateral
- vertebral column flexor
- posterior rotation of pelvis

Unilateral
- trunk lateral flexor

Question 16

What assists with postural control during static and dynamic activities?

Answer 16

internal oblique

Question 17

bilateral and unilateral action of internal oblique

Answer 17

Bilateral
- vertebral column flexor
- respiration

Unilateral
- trunk rotator

Question 18

action of transversus abdominis

Answer 18

• lumbar and SIJ stabilizer
• anticipatory activation prior to movement/perturbation

Question 19

innervation of quadratus lumborum

Answer 19

ventral rami T12-L2

Question 20

action of quadratus lumborum

Answer 20

Function is not really well understood
- Thought to be a lateral flexor of the trunk
- And stabilize the lowest (12th) rib during contraction of diaphragm

Question 20

action of quadratus lumborum

Answer 20

Function is not really well understood
- Thought to be a lateral flexor of the trunk
- And stabilize the lowest (12th) rib during contraction of diaphragm

Question 21

innervation of psoas major

Answer 21

ventral rami L1-L2

Question 22

action of psoas major

Answer 22

• lumbar stabilizer - compressive loading on lumbar spine
• lateral flexion with unilateral activation
• hip flexor

Question 23

Where does the spinal cord terminate?

Answer 23

L1/L2 intervertebral disc

Question 24

function of intervertebral discs

Answer 24

• allow movement between vertebral bodies
• transmit loads between adjacent vertebral bodies
• absorbs and stores energy

Question 25

z-joint: Superior facet faces _______________, inferior facet face __________

Answer 25

Superior facet faces posteromedially, inferior facet face anterolaterally

Question 26

During flexion, the superior segment moves _______and _______

Answer 26

forward and upward

Question 27

During extension, the superior segment moves _______ and _______

Answer 27

downward sliding and posterior

Question 28

rotation coupling motion in upper lumbar and lower lumbar

Answer 28

Upper lumbar (L1-L4) – contralateral rotation and lateral flexion

L4/L5 - variable

Lower lumbar (L5-S1) – ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion