lumbar

Question 1

most important charc. of LS is that it can bear huge loads created by ____, interact w/ forces generated by ___ and other actv involving powerful musc actions

Answer 1

body weight

lifting

Question 2

lumbar spine is largely responsible for ___ mobility

Answer 2

trunk

Question 3

facets lie primarily in the __ plane, limits rotational flex and allows for greater mobility in flex/ext

Answer 3

sagittal

Question 4

developmental abnormality where one facet faces ___ and the other faces ___ (L5-S1 most, then L4-5)

Answer 4

sagittally

coronally

Question 5

developmental abnormality where one facet faces ___ and the other faces ___ (L5-S1 most, then L4-5)

Answer 5

sagittally

coronally

Question 6

INF articular processes are ____ and AIL, while SUP articular processes are ___ and PSM

Answer 6

convex

concave

Question 7

the spatial alignment of the __ __ determines, to a large extent, though not completely, the characteristic kinematics of the different regions of the spine

Answer 7

facet joints

Question 8

facet config limits ___ flexibility and allows for ___ mobility in flex/ext

Answer 8

rotational

greater

Question 9

L1-L4 facets have ___ orientation and limit __ rotation (theta Y)
L5-S1 facets have ___ orientation and limit post/anterior __

Answer 9

sagittal
axial
coronal
shear

Question 10

__% of flex/ext occurs in lumbar spine, with 2x more flexion than extension

Answer 10

75

Question 11

lateral bending in the LS is coupled with ___ rotation, and SP moves to IPSILAT side & VV, though lumbar rotation is quite limited due to sagittal facets

Answer 11

axial

Question 12

lat bend is ctrl mainly by eccentric activity of ___ which inserts post to the normal axis of motion
-normal muscl actv leads to SP rot twd side of flex

Answer 12

quadratus lumborum

Question 13

• nucleus of the LS IVD is located ____, and the IVD has a height to body ratio of __
• disc has greater resistance to axial compressive forces

Answer 13

posteriorly

1:3

Question 14

• lat bend is ctrl mainly by eccentric activity of ___ which inserts post to the normal axis of motion
• normal muscl actv leads to SP rot twd side of flex

Answer 14

quadratus lumborum (is major stabilizer of the LS)

Question 15

• nucleus of the LS IVD is located ____, and the IVD has a height to body ratio of __
• disc has greater resistance to axial compressive forces

Answer 15

posteriorly

1:3

Question 16

L SC contains _____ proximally and the ____ distally

Answer 16

conus medularis

cauda equina

Question 17

while the SC ends at L2, the nerve roots continue down the SC as the __ __, & the CNS is tethered to the coccyx by the ____ ____

Answer 17

cauda equina

filum terminale

Question 18

___ lig defines ROM, stabilizing dural sac w/i foramen

Answer 18

hoffman

Question 19

NRs exit dura slightly above the ___ ___, causing their course to be more oblique

Answer 19

foraminal opening

Question 20

normal lumbar lordosis should be __-__ deg, and the apex of the curve is the ___ disc

Answer 20

20-60 degrees

L3-4

Question 21

the sacral base angle increases with an ___ pelvic tilt, causing an increased lordosis, more weight bearing on the ___

Answer 21

anterior

facets

Question 22

the sacral base angle decreases with a ___ pelvic tilt, decreasing lordosis, placing more weight bearing on the ___, therefore decreases spines ability to absorb AXIAL COMPRESSION forces

Answer 22

posterior

disc

Question 23

ALL/PLL restricts excessive ____ and lubodorsal fascia acts like a large ___ ___

Answer 23

flex/ext

extensor retinaculum

Question 24

• IS lig controls vertebral ___
• SS provides resistance against excessive fwd ____
• facet capsule restricts jt ___ and distraction of facet surfaces during axial rot

Answer 24

rotation
flexion
flexion

Question 25

1 cause of lumbar pain

Answer 25

poor lifting

Question 26

___ damage marks the beginning of the end –mcgill

Answer 26

ligament