Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Theory : axial skeleton > Lumbar > Flashcards

Lumbar Flashcards

1
Q

What is the importance of finding, maintaining, and using neutral spine position in the lumbar spine?

A
  • awareness and control of safe spinal motion -awareness of neutral spinal position in supine, prone, sitting and standing -awareness of effect of ADL’s and extremity motions of spine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens to your lumbar spine when you move your extremities away from your body?

A

spinal motion is extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens to your lumbar spine when you move your extremities toward your body?

A

spinal motion is flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the significance of a patients breathing if they are injured?

A

they will not inhale fully

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Inhalation facilitates what things in the spine?

A

-stability of the spine when hips in flexion -spinal extension -scapular elevation and humeral IR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Exhalation facilitates what things in the spine?

A

-stability of the spine when hips in extension -spinal flexion -scapular depression and humeral ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can inhaling into each (one) lung facilitate?

A

Side bending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In a patient with LBP what muscle is ineffective?

A

the transverse abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the primary function of the transverse abdominis?

A

stabilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What lower ( in lumbar region) muscle precedes trunk movement?

A

transverse abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What other muscles activate with the transverse abdominis?

A

pelvic floor muscles (synergists)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the primary role of the multifidus?

A

stabilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the multifidus co-contract with?

A

with the transverse abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What muscles are activated when you do the drawing in maneuver?

A

the multifidi and the transverse abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What position is the drawing in maneuver done in?

A

quadruped or prone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you isolate activating the multifidi?

A

-done in quadruped or prone -draw your navel into your spine and at the same time swell your back into my thumbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the global muscles of the lumbar spine?

A

-rectus abdominis -external and internal obliques -quadratus lumborum (lateral portion) -erector spinae -iliospoas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you perform the abdominal stabilization with a blood pressure cuff?

A

-stabilizer in small of back -40mmHg of pressure in the cuff -slowly slide one leg away from the body -gauge should stay at 40mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do you increase and decrease pressure in the abdominal stabilization with a blood pressure cuff?

A

-increase pressure-posterior pelvic tilt (PPT) -decreased pressure- anterior pelvic tilt (APT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do you find the neutral spine?

A

-begin in supine or hooklying -have them move through APT and PPT -find most comfortable position -if not possible=teach imprinting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is imprinting with finding neutral spine?

A

-in a posterior pelvic tilt, with back imprinted flat on the mat -may need to do passively if active movement and control are not possible for the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What muscle should also be accompanied by finding pelvic neutral ?

A

transverse abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the progression of stability exercises?

A

-emphasis on endurance -use props (yard stick, pressure cuff biofeedback) -extremity loading (moving all 4 extremities at once, change planes- transverse/diagonal) -external resistance -position changes (sitting, kneeling, standing) -unstable surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Examples of dynamic strengthening for the abdominals?

A

-curl-ups -curl-downs -diagonal curl-up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe how to progress curl-ups for abdominals?

A

-arms by side -across chest -behind head -holding weight/med ball (shoulder flex to 90)

26
Q

describe how to do diagonal curl-ups

A

curl up and reach one hand toward opposite knee, or bring knee toward opposite shoulder

27
Q

How do you progress for dynamic strengthening for trunk flexion?

A

-resisted in sitting or standing -using resistance secured behind -flex/rotate trunk

28
Q

What muscles does this activate and how do you progress it?

A
  • Activates erector spinae and multifidi
  • progress by adding weights in hands
29
Q

What is the name of this exercise, what muscles does it work and how do you progress it?

A
  • superman
  • works the erector spinae and multifidi
  • increase resistance with shoulder adbuction to 90 or elevating to 180
30
Q

When should you start adding functional activities in the exercise program?

A

initiate once patient has learned to manage signs and symptoms of inflammation diminish

31
Q

If pateint is unable to do a normal pushup what can they do instead?

A

Have patient do a wall pushup

32
Q

how do you progress ADLs?

A
  • Lifting with stable spine
  • Carrying with stable spine
  • Reaching with stable spine
33
Q

What is the extension bias approach? What does the patient look like? What might be wrong with them (reason for bais)?

A
  • Extension tests decrease or centrilize symptoms
  • Patient presents with flexed posture (lateral shift present)
  • IVD lesions, imparied flexed posture, osteoperosis
34
Q

What can you do to help with someone the has extension or flexion bias?

A

core stabilization exercises and stretching

35
Q

How do you specifically treat extension bias besides doing core stabililzation?

A
  • Treat lateral shift (manual or self correct)
  • Treat with extension techniques
  • Isometric activities
36
Q

What exercises do you avoid in the acute phase for extension bias and why?

A

Lumbar flexion or extension exercises increase intra-disc pressure

37
Q

What happenes after the acute symptoms stabilized?

A
  • decreased pain & neurological signs
  • imporved posture, increased mobility
38
Q

After acute symptoms stabilize, how do you progress for extension bias?

A
  • have them do flexion exercises or prolonged flexion and then end with extension exercises
  • NOTE: if symptoms reoccur perform just extension exercises
39
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Loss of bone mineral density

40
Q

What is the standard deviations is osteoperosis and osteropenia?

A
  • osteoporsis: 2.5 SD
  • Osteopenia: 1 SD
41
Q

What is osteopenia?

A

mildly reduced bone mineral density

42
Q

What motion MUST you avoid with people with osteoperosis/penia?

A

Avoid flexion exercises and ADL’s

43
Q

What is flexion bias?

A
  • patient is more comfortable in flexed posture
  • extension tests increase or peripherilize symptoms
44
Q

What could be wrong with the patient if they have a flexion bias approach?

A
  • spondolosis
  • stenosis
  • extension load injuries
  • facet joint irritation
45
Q

What is spondylosis?

A

Degenerative osteoarthritis of the joints in the spine

  • descripitve term, not really a diagnosis
  • You can have pain and degeneration regardless of location
46
Q

What is stenosis?

A

Narrowing of the neural foramin or narrowing of the spinal canal itself

47
Q

What can cause stenosis?

A
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Loss of disk height
  • ligamentous changes
48
Q

What can cause hypermobility and functional instability in the lumbar spine?

A
  • trauma
  • ligamentous laxity
  • spondololysis
  • spondololisthesis
49
Q

how can you fix hypermobility and functional instability ?

A

core stabilization

50
Q

What is a spondylolysis?

A
  • Defect in the pars interarticularis (pedicle)
  • pedicle breaks off and tries to heal, but fails (held in place by soft tissue)
51
Q

Where is the most common location for a spondoloysis and who is it most common in?

A
  • usually at L5-S1
  • boys who play football (linemen)
  • girls who are gymnasts
  • can occur due to changes with ageing
52
Q

If there is pars defect does the scotty dog have a collar?

A

YES

53
Q

What is a spondylolisthesis?

A
  • Forward displacement of a vertebrae
54
Q

where is the most common location for a spondylolisthesis and what are the grades of severity?

A
  • L5-S1
  • grades 1-5 (step off can usually be palpated)
55
Q

What does the patient look like if they have a spondylolisthesis?

A

Patient presents with decreased lumbar curve and flattening of buttocks

56
Q

If patient presents with gaurded posture or increased muscle tension what could their problem be?

A
  • strains, tear, contusions, and overuse
57
Q

With impairment based diagnostic approach what is the first stage of exercises and how do you progress?

A

exercise in position of confort and progress to core stabilization

58
Q

What is postural pain syndrome?

A
  • Patient presents with faulty posture
  • Symptoms increase with sustained position
59
Q

What could be wrong with the patient if they have postural pain syndrome?

A
  • Postural strain
  • cervicogenic headache
  • thoracic ourlet syndrome
  • poor physcial condition
60
Q

How do you treat postural pain syndrome?

A

movement, posture correction and exercise decrease symptoms

61
Q

For every one Standard deviation away from the mean how much affect does it have for the risk of fracturing (for osteoperosis)?

A

It doubles

Theory : axial skeleton (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions