Lumad: Indigenous People

Question 1

Lumad is a Cebuano Visayan term which means?

Answer 1

Native or Indigenous

Question 2

How many ethnolinguistic groups do the Lumads have?

Answer 2

18

Question 3

What are the 18 ethnolinguistic groups of Lumads?

Answer 3

1. Ata
2. Bagobo
3. Banwagon
4. Blaan
5. Bukidnon
6. Dibabawon
7. Higaono
8. Mamanwa
9. Mandaya
10. Manguwangan
11. Manobo
12. Mansaka
13. Subaanon
14. Tagakaolo
15. Tasaday
16. Tboli
17. Teruray
18. Ubo

Question 4

At the beginning of the 20th century, how many land areas do Lumads control among the 24 provinces of Mindanao?

Answer 4

17

Question 5

The Indigenous People from Bukidnon is falling from ____ to ____ to _____.

Answer 5

64% to 33% to 14%

Question 6

Lumads have a concept of _______ that they consider as their ancestral territories.

Answer 6

Land ownership

Question 7

What comprises an ancestral land?

Answer 7

1. Cultivated land as hunting grounds
2. rivers
3. Forests
4. Uncultivated land
5. Mineral resources

Question 8

What was the response of the Lumad groups when the migrants came?

Answer 8

Lumads retreated into the mountains and forest

Question 9

A term referring to the unchristianized group of people, especially in southern Mindanao.

Answer 9

Infieles

Question 10

The infieles were prominent in the __________. They were foound in peninsula of San Agustin and parts of Culaman mountains and eastern Pulangi Bay.

Answer 10

Manuvus of Agusan

Question 11

Manuvus was believed to have a __________ blood.

Answer 11

Chinese blood

Question 12

What are the practices and traditions of Manuvus?

Answer 12

• They paid homemade to the spirits and dead ancestors.
• The thunder is the spoken word of lightning, a god whose form is that the monster’s teeth remained embedded in the tree.

Question 12

What are the qualities of Manuvus?

Answer 12

1. Fierce
2. Fearsome
3. Powerful

Question 13

A group of Lumad who occupied the mountainous areas of Surigao, the Peninsula of San Agustin, and Northern part of the Davao Gulf.

Answer 13

Mandaya

Question 14

Where can we find the Mandayas

Answer 14

mountainous areas of Surigao, the Peninsula of San Agustin, and Northern part of the Davao Gulf.

Question 15

Mandaya is described to be:

Answer 15

• Similar to Manuvus but are DOCILE and GENTLE
• Colorful textiles reflecting their eyebrows and chins
• Expressive in their traditions and practices

Question 16

How do Madayas express their religious beliefs?

Answer 16

• Every household, an altar is tended for the anitos
• They interred their dad in the huts which was built inside the forest
• They are influenced by their bailanas (priestesses) and living deities

Question 17

What is the name of their idols?

Answer 17

Manauag

Question 18

How does the Manauag built?

Answer 18

It was built from a special kind of wood from the bayog tree, and the eyes were from the fruit of magobahay

Question 19

What are the principal groups of the Mandaya tribe?

Answer 19

1. Mansaka
2. Manwanga
3. Pagarpan
4. Managusan
5. Divavaoan

Question 20

The principal group of the Mandaya who lived in mountain clearings and practiced kaingin method

Answer 20

Mansaka

Question 21

The principal group of the Mandaya who lived in the thickly forested mountains known to be wild and warlike

Answer 21

Manwanga

Question 22

The principal group of the Mandaya who thrive in the swampy river banks of the Tagum and Hijo rivers, facing unique fishing methods

Answer 22

Pagarpan

Question 23

The principal group of the Mandaya who live near the water

Answer 23

Managusan

Question 24

The principal group of the Mandaya who are in the southern and western parts of Compostela towns

Answer 24

Divavaoan