Luka Flashcards

1
Q

Cumulative Zoning

A

Cumulative Zoning is a method of zoning in which any use permitted in a higher-use, less intensive zone is permissible in a lower use, more intensive zone. For example: under this method, a house could be built in an industrial zone but a factory could not be built in a residential zone.

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2
Q

How many decibels creates fatigue?

A

80 dB
85 dB equals noise from heavy city traffic
60 dB equals normal conversation

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3
Q

What are the AIA document prefixes for?

A, B, C

A

A series is owner/contractor
B series is owner/architect
C series is other agreements including C401 “Standard architect and consultant agreement”

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4
Q

Types of Estimates
Several different levels of estimates are used to project construction costs. Each has a different purpose. The various types may be referred to by different names and some may not be recognized by all as necessary or definitive, though most estimators will agree to several basic levels, each of which has its place in the construction estimating process. In this text, the levels of estimates are broken down as follows.

A
  1. Order of Magnitude Estimates: The order of magnitude estimate could be loosely described as an educated guess It can be completed in a matter of minutes Accuracy is plus or minus 20%.
  2. Square Foot and Cubic Foot Estimates: This type is most often useful when only the proposed size and use of a planned building is known Very little information is required Accuracy is plus or minus 15%.
  3. Assemblies Systems Estimate: An assemblies estimate is best used as a budgetary tool in the planning stages of a project Accuracy is expected at plus or minus 10%.
  4. Unit Price Estimate: Working drawings and full specifications are required to complete a unit price estimate It is the most accurate of the four types but is also the most time consuming Used primarily for bidding purposes, accuracy is plus or minus 5%.
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5
Q

What is a covenant?

A

hese restrictions come in the form of covenants, or promises, written into deeds and other instruments. They call for the new owner to perform or not perform certain acts, or to use the property a certain way or prevent its use in other ways.

For example, the covenant might say that the property must be kept in residential use, or that it must always conform to certain design or architectural standards. The covenant might even say - and it frequently does, in American practice - that no liquor may ever be consumed in the property.

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6
Q

How many decibels creates fatigue?

A

80 dB
85 dB equals noise from heavy city traffic
60 dB equals normal conversation

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7
Q

What are the AIA document prefixes for?

A, B, C

A

A series is owner/contractor
B series is owner/architect
C series is other agreements including C401 “Standard architect and consultant agreement”

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8
Q

What is a covenant?

A

These restrictions come in the form of covenants, or promises, written into deeds and other instruments. They call for the new owner to perform or not perform certain acts, or to use the property a certain way or prevent its use in other ways.

For example, the covenant might say that the property must be kept in residential use, or that it must always conform to certain design or architectural standards. The covenant might even say - and it frequently does, in American practice - that no liquor may ever be consumed in the property.

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9
Q

30 persons per acre is common in what density?
A. Typical American suburb.
B. New European town & early American towns.

A

New European town & early American towns. Typical American suburb is 10-20 persons per acre.

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10
Q

Sociopetal space tends to…

A

Promote human contact

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11
Q

What are Awahnee principles?

A

Created in 1991 it expressed new sustainable community principles.

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12
Q

Kaplan land value description sucks. Study allocation method etc in ballast?

A

Ok

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13
Q

What is fee simple ownership of land?

A

Land can be used or transferred by its owner as he/she pleases. (Post feudal system)

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14
Q

what is joint tenancy?

A

A widespread form of ownership, often used by husband and wife. Its distinguishing feature is that each of the joint tenants holds an undivided interest; that is, the land is not physically separated into portions. The interest of each joint tenant automatically passes to the survivor upon death.

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15
Q

What is a partnership with regard to land ownership?

A

Upon death of one partners, the partnership may be dissolved and the assets distributed to surviving patterns and the estate of the deceased pattern. the distribution is made according to the original agreement among partners.

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16
Q

What is a corporation with regard to land ownership?

A

A corporation is a legal entity with rights and liabilities independent of those of its shareholders. If a shareholder dies, that share of ownership passes to heirs, and the corporation continues unchanged.

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17
Q

What is a trustee with regard to land ownership?

A

A trustee holds property in their name for the benefit of another person (often for a child or incompetent person.)

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18
Q

The most common form of land ownership is called fee simple or fee absolute.

A

The owner has absolute ownership with can be transferred by sale or bequest.

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19
Q

What is condominium ownership?

A

Buyer obtains fee simple ownership of a portion of a structure.

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20
Q

What is cooperative ownership?

A

The owner does not legally own a specific piece of physical property. She owns a star of stock in a corporation that owns the land. She is permitted to occupy a stated portion. Owner cannot sell property directly.

21
Q

What is a deed

A

A document conveying property from one owner to a mother.

22
Q

What is a deed of trust?

A

An alternative to the mortgage… The buyer, instead of giving mortgage to the lender, transfers title to a fourth party, called the trustee, by means of trust deed. When the buyer completes payments tot he lender, the trustee transfers title to the buyer.

23
Q

What is a development rights transfer?

A

If, for instance, the owner of a landmarked property cannot fully exploit her property’s development. She sell that right to a nearby owner.

24
Q

If a private developer wished to develop a cemetery in an area currently zone for light manufacturing, the developer should apply for _______.

A

A conditional use permit

25
Q

The difference between the terms “exit” and “means of egress”?

A

no difference. The two terms are interchangeable.

26
Q

How big is an acre?

A

43,560 square feet

Approximately 209-feet by 209-feet

27
Q

If a private developer wished to develop a cemetery in an area currently zoned for light manufacturing, the developer should apply for a ____________.

A

Conditional use permit

28
Q

If a developer indents to construct an apartment project in a developed urban area that is adequately served by public transportation. Since the site is small and awkwardly shaped, the developer proposes providing one parking space per dwelling unit, rather than the 1.5 spaces required by ordinance. The developer should make an application for a

A

zoning variance.

29
Q

How to interpret a % slope.

A

W = I/S
Width = Interval/Slope
Interval/slope=width

5’ = 1’/.20
50’ = 1’/.02
spacing of contours

30
Q

What are the dimensions of a typical parking space, accessible space and van space?

A

9’ x 19’ = Standard Space
8’+5’ x 19’ = ADA Space
8’+8’ x 19’ = ADA Van
ADA spaces need a 36” wide accessible route

31
Q

The U.S. system of surveying the public lands, begun in 1785, divides land into…

A

Townships and Sections: The US system, which is the basis for much of the legal description of non-urban areas outside the original 13 states, established a grid of north-south lines (meridians) and east-west lines (parallels), which make 24-mile square areas. Each is divided into 16 townships, six miles square. Each township is further divided into 36 square sections of one mile each.

32
Q

When designing a parking lot, how much space per spot should you allow?

A

Allow 400 SF of parking area per vehicle.

33
Q

What is the max slope to plant grass on. 5%, 10%, 15% or 25%

A

25%

34
Q

What is the max slope for a paved parking area? 1%, 3%, 5% or 10%

A

5%

35
Q

What are the 5 elements of Kevin Lynch’s neighborhood?

A

Paths, edges, districts nodes & landmarks

36
Q

What three main forms are most modern cities based on?

A

Finger Plan - development occurs along each side of a public transit corridor.
Cluster Plan - development contains clusters of activity; major roads connect each cluster.
Satellite Plan - variant of cluster plan but has a dominant center, often the original city.

37
Q

What is an ALTA survey

A

An ALTA Survey is a survey prepared by a licensed surveyor in accordance with detailed standards adopted by the American Land Title Association (ALTA) and the American Congress of Surveying and Mapping (ACSM). An ALTA Survey maps the property’s boundaries, the location of the improvements on the property, including buildings and other structures, fences, utility lines and installations, trails, paths and roads, etc., and the location of all access, utility and other easements recorded against the property.

38
Q

What is the definition of leeward

A

on or toward the side sheltered from the wind or toward which the wind is blowing; downwind.

39
Q

Is parking determined by zoning or building code?

A

I think Zoning. Look it up.

40
Q

The requirement for a smoke proof enclosure is determined by a building’s

a. total height
b. total floor area
c. type of construction
b. type of occupancy

A

total height

41
Q

The construction of a federal courthouse must comply with which of the following requirements. check all that apply.

a. ANSI
b. OSHA
c. Local municipal regulations
d. Filing of an environmental impact statement.

A

State and federal projects are usually exempt form municipal regulations.

42
Q

if an open entrance plaza is on the windward side of a high-rise building, the plaza may be sheltered rom the wind by

a. planting a row of closely spaces evergreen trees adjacent.
b. relocating the entrance plaza to the leeward side of the building.

A

Using a tree windbreak or masonry barrier will only be moderately successful in blocking uncomfortable winds, since the greatest wind force flows down the face of the building and creates a high-velocity votes at ground level. The best solution, if possible, is to local the entrance plaza on the leeward side.

43
Q

I order to comply with ANSI standards, elevator cars should have which of the following features? Check all that apply

a. 36 inch wide door
b. 60 inch turnaround space
c. 54 in high control buttons
d. tactile control indicators
e. hard finish flooring surface

A

36 in door
54 in high control buttons
tactile control indicators.

44
Q

What are the pros and cons of Fast-track scheduling?

A

Pro:
shorten the time of a project.
Minimize inflationary cost increases.

Con
separate bid packages which makes it impossible to know the final cost until well into the construction phase
Separate packages increase the cost of professional services

45
Q

What is the sun’s azimuth?

A

It’s angle along the horizon. Sun altitude describes its height in the sky.

46
Q

Latitude

A

Often called parallels are rings that go up and down the earth. Higher latitudes are further away from the equator

47
Q

The predominant design layout of most American cities is based on the

A

grid concept

48
Q

the price offered by the urban renewal agency. Which is true:

a. the owner is required by law to accept the price.
b. the owner must be paid what he feels the property is worth.
c. the owner must be paid fair market for the land but only salvage value for the unoccupied building.
d. the property could be taken from the owner before a final price is determined.

A

D!
The final price represents the fair market of the land and improvements.
Sometimes the price is determined after the land is lawfully taken.

49
Q

A site containing loose silt compared to a side with organic soil is______

A

Less costly to develop.
Organic soil, such a peat, is elastic, weak and has little cohesion. It is usually removed. Loose silt may be compacted or in some cases used as is.