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LU8 Intro cloud computing Flashcards

1
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

Cloud computing is an IT paradigm that enables ubiquitous access to shared pools of configurable resources and higher-level services over the Internet.

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2
Q

What are the key characteristics of cloud computing?

A

On-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service.

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3
Q

What is Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)?

A

IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the Internet, allowing users to deploy and run arbitrary software, including operating systems and applications.

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4
Q

What is Platform as a Service (PaaS)?

A

PaaS allows users to deploy applications using tools supported by the provider without managing the underlying infrastructure.

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5
Q

What is Software as a Service (SaaS)?

A

SaaS delivers applications over the Internet, managed by a provider, with users accessing them via a web browser.

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6
Q

What are the types of cloud deployment models?

A

Public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and community cloud.

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7
Q

What is a public cloud?

A

A public cloud provides infrastructure and services to the general public or large industry groups and is owned by the organization selling cloud services.

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8
Q

What is a private cloud?

A

A private cloud is operated solely for a single organization, offering more control over data and security.

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9
Q

What is a hybrid cloud?

A

A hybrid cloud combines two or more cloud types (public, private, or community) bound by standardized technology for data and application portability.

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10
Q

What is a community cloud?

A

A community cloud is shared by several organizations supporting a specific community with shared concerns.

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11
Q

What is elasticity in cloud computing?

A

Elasticity is the ability to dynamically acquire and release resources on-demand to handle varying workloads.

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12
Q

What is utility computing?

A

Utility computing is a service provisioning model where computing resources are provided and billed based on usage, similar to utilities like electricity.

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13
Q

What are the early models of cloud computing?

A

Grid computing and utility computing.

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14
Q

What is grid computing?

A

Grid computing collects computer resources from multiple locations to achieve a common goal, primarily used in scientific computing.

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15
Q

What is utility computing?

A

Utility computing provides computing resources as a metered service, charging customers based on specific usage.

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16
Q

What are the advantages of cloud computing?

A

Cost reduction, resource sharing, scalability, data sharing, and eliminating initial infrastructure investment.

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17
Q

How does cloud computing reduce costs?

A

By concentrating resources and offering pay-as-you-go models, eliminating the need for upfront infrastructure investments.

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18
Q

What is virtualization in cloud computing?

A

Virtualization allows multiple virtual instances to run on a single physical machine, enabling resource sharing and efficient utilization.

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19
Q

What is resource pooling in cloud computing?

A

Resource pooling allows cloud providers to serve multiple customers using shared resources dynamically allocated based on demand.

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20
Q

What is broad network access in cloud computing?

A

Broad network access means services are accessible over the network using standard mechanisms, promoting access from various devices.

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21
Q

What is on-demand self-service in cloud computing?

A

On-demand self-service allows users to automatically provision resources as needed without human interaction with service providers.

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22
Q

What is rapid elasticity in cloud computing?

A

Rapid elasticity enables scaling resources up or down quickly to match demand, appearing unlimited to users.

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23
Q

What are the challenges of cloud computing?

A

Service availability, data confidentiality, performance unpredictability, data transfer bottlenecks, and resource management.

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24
Q

What is data confidentiality in cloud computing?

A

Ensuring that sensitive data stored in the cloud is protected from unauthorized access and breaches.

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25
What is performance unpredictability in cloud computing?
Performance may vary due to resource sharing among multiple tenants, affecting consistency.
26
What is a data transfer bottleneck in cloud computing?
Slow data transfer rates can hinder the performance of data-intensive applications in the cloud.
27
What is resource management in cloud computing?
Managing diverse workloads on large data centers efficiently, ensuring optimal performance and resource allocation.
28
What is service-level agreement (SLA) in cloud computing?
An SLA defines the performance and availability expectations between the cloud provider and the user.
29
What is the role of cloud providers?
Cloud providers offer computing services like servers, storage, databases, networking, and software over the Internet.
30
What is the pay-per-usage model in cloud computing?
Users are charged based on their consumption of resources, similar to utility billing models.
31
What is multi-tenancy in cloud computing?
Multi-tenancy allows multiple customers to share the same infrastructure while keeping their data isolated.
32
What are cloud vulnerabilities?
Cloud vulnerabilities include malicious attacks, infrastructure failures, data breaches, and service outages.
33
What are examples of cloud service vulnerabilities?
Denial of service attacks, power failures affecting data centers, and unauthorized access to sensitive data.
34
What is de-perimeterization in cloud computing?
The removal of traditional security boundaries, allowing systems to span across multiple organizations and networks.
35
What are the ethical issues in cloud computing?
Unauthorized data access, data corruption, service unavailability, and relinquishing control to third-party providers.
36
What is data privacy in cloud computing?
Protecting personal and sensitive information stored in the cloud from unauthorized access and ensuring compliance with privacy regulations.
37
What are the implications of data privacy issues?
Potential identity theft, unauthorized data sharing, and varying privacy laws across countries affecting data handling.
38
What is parallel computing?
Parallel computing performs many calculations simultaneously by dividing problems into smaller, concurrent tasks.
39
What is Amdahl's Law in parallel computing?
Amdahl's Law states that the speedup of a program using multiple processors is limited by the sequential portion of the program.
40
What is the speedup factor in parallel computing?
The ratio of execution time on a single processor to execution time on multiple processors.
41
What is a distributed system?
A collection of autonomous computers connected through a network, coordinating activities and sharing resources for a common goal.
42
What are the characteristics of distributed systems?
Multiple points of control and failure, resource sharing, scalability, and autonomous components.
43
What is the difference between cloud and distributed computing?
Cloud computing offers on-demand resources over the Internet, while distributed computing involves multiple systems working together for a common task.
44
What is scalability in cloud computing?
The ability to handle increased workloads by adding resources without compromising performance.
45
What is a virtual machine (VM) in cloud computing?
A software emulation of a physical computer that runs an operating system and applications independently.
46
What is load balancing in cloud computing?
Distributing workloads across multiple computing resources to optimize performance and ensure reliability.
47
What is fault tolerance in cloud computing?
The ability of a system to continue functioning correctly even when some components fail.
48
What is data redundancy in cloud computing?
Storing multiple copies of data across different locations to ensure availability and reliability.
49
What is cloud storage?
A service model where data is stored on remote servers accessed via the Internet.
50
What are examples of cloud storage services?
Google Drive, Dropbox, and Amazon S3.
51
What is a hypervisor in cloud computing?
A software layer that creates and runs virtual machines by abstracting hardware resources.
52
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors?
Type 1 runs directly on hardware (bare-metal), while Type 2 runs on a host operating system.
53
What is elasticity vs. scalability in cloud computing?
Elasticity refers to dynamic resource allocation based on demand, while scalability is the system's capacity to grow over time.
54
What is a cloud API?
An interface that allows developers to interact with cloud services programmatically.
55
What is a container in cloud computing?
A lightweight, portable software package that includes an application and its dependencies.
56
What are examples of container technologies?
Docker and Kubernetes.
57
What is serverless computing?
A cloud model where the provider manages infrastructure, and users focus solely on code execution.
58
What are the benefits of serverless computing?
Automatic scaling, reduced operational complexity, and cost-efficiency.
59
What is a cloud-native application?
An application designed specifically to run in cloud environments, leveraging cloud services and architecture.
60
What is DevOps in cloud computing?
A set of practices that combine software development and IT operations to shorten development cycles and improve deployment efficiency.
61
What is continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD)?
A DevOps practice that automates the integration and deployment of code changes to improve software delivery.
62
What is an edge cloud?
A cloud computing architecture that brings computation and data storage closer to the location where it is needed.
63
What is the difference between public and private clouds?
Public clouds are shared and accessible to multiple users, while private clouds are dedicated to a single organization.
64
What are the security concerns in cloud computing?
Data breaches, insider threats, insecure APIs, and compliance with regulations.
65
What is data encryption in cloud computing?
The process of converting data into a secure format that cannot be easily understood by unauthorized users.
66
What is a cloud service broker?
An intermediary that helps organizations choose and integrate cloud services from different providers.
67
What is the importance of compliance in cloud computing?
Ensuring cloud services meet legal, regulatory, and organizational standards for data protection and privacy.
68
What are common compliance frameworks for cloud computing?
GDPR, HIPAA, ISO/IEC 27001, and SOC 2.
69
What is multi-cloud strategy?
Using multiple cloud providers to avoid vendor lock-in and improve redundancy and performance.
70
What is vendor lock-in in cloud computing?
Difficulty in migrating to another provider due to proprietary technologies or data formats.
71
What is cloud bursting?
A hybrid cloud configuration where an application runs in a private cloud and bursts into a public cloud when demand spikes.
72
What is disaster recovery in cloud computing?
A strategy to ensure data and application availability in case of a failure or disaster.
73
What is backup as a service (BaaS)?
A cloud service model where data backup and recovery processes are managed by the provider.
74
What is an API gateway in cloud computing?
A server that acts as an API front-end, handling requests, authentication, and routing.
75
What is identity and access management (IAM) in cloud computing?
A framework for managing digital identities and controlling user access to cloud resources.
76
What are examples of cloud IAM services?
AWS IAM, Azure Active Directory, and Google Cloud IAM.
77
What is a content delivery network (CDN)?
A network of servers that deliver web content to users based on their geographic location to improve performance.
78
What are examples of CDN services?
Cloudflare, Amazon CloudFront, and Akamai.
79
What is the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in cloud computing?
AI enhances cloud services through automation, data analysis, and intelligent decision-making.
80
What is big data in cloud computing?
The processing and analysis of large, complex data sets using cloud resources.
81
What are examples of big data services in the cloud?
Amazon EMR, Google BigQuery, and Azure HDInsight.
82
What is machine learning as a service (MLaaS)?
Cloud-based platforms that provide machine learning tools and frameworks for building models.
83
What are examples of MLaaS providers?
Amazon SageMaker, Google AI Platform, and Microsoft Azure ML.
84
What is the Internet of Things (IoT) in cloud computing?
A network of interconnected devices that collect and exchange data, often using cloud platforms for processing.
85
What are examples of IoT cloud platforms?
AWS IoT, Google Cloud IoT, and Microsoft Azure IoT.
86
What is blockchain as a service (BaaS)?
A cloud service that allows users to develop, host, and deploy blockchain applications.
87
What are examples of BaaS providers?
IBM Blockchain, Azure Blockchain Service, and Amazon Managed Blockchain.
88
What is the future of cloud computing?
Increased adoption of hybrid and multi-cloud strategies, serverless architectures, AI integration, and enhanced security measures.

Distributed System (8 decks)

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