lu1 - lu3 revision Flashcards
Name the interaction between all living and
atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere
Biosphere
Malaysian peat swamp forests are a part of tropical
rainforest. Look around of you including this tree.
List THREE (3) characteristics of this forest
1.Year-round warmth (20°C - 34°C)
2.Average annual rainfall of 2000-4000mm
3.Average humadity (77% - 88%)
4.Soils with leaching and poor nutrients
5.Bark similarity among trees
6.Brief dry season or monsoonal dry season
7.Near the equator
8.Four distinct forest layers
9.High diversity of plants and animals
10.Dominance of Dipterocarpaceae trees
“Bird’s nest fern” growing onto a tree. state 2 adaptations
of that fern.
- Access to light- receive more sunlight
- Nutrient absorption- the tree bark and
surrounding debris often accumilate organic matter, which
the fern’s roots can absorb for nutrients.
name this kind of relationship of Bird’s nest fern growing on a tree
commensalism
“I’m the source of life in this tangled place,
In the mangrove’s embrace, you’ll see my trace.
From me, all energy in this food chain flows,
But I’m not found beneath the roots, where the
mystery grows.
What am I that gives this ecosystem its grace?”
the sun (sunlight)
“I’m the secret that hides in the mangrove’s
embrace,
Only 10 percent’s the energy I gracefully grace.
The rest is lost, in a way mysterious and clever,
Tell me, where does the surplus energy lose?”
eliminated as heat
Briefly explain TWO (2) reasons why they (worm) not
normally shown in the energy pyramid.
- Existed at every trophic levels
-
Consume all dead organisms from primary
producers to top predators.
Why they (worms) are important to ecosystems
make nutrients available for producers to
reuse
Which trophic level in this ecosystem that would
contain the largest biomass?
All the 3-plant tress (The producers)
“We’re found in an energy pyarmid’s base, where
photosynthesis takes place.”
All the 3-plant tress (The producers)
Select TWO (2) organisms that can be considered
tertiary consumers.
Any animals that consume other
carnivorous or omnivorous animals (depending on
how students arrange them as long as they know
the diet of each animal)
What is the main characteristic of an apex predator
in your food web? Write ONE answer only
No thick fur (Crocodile)
Check your ecological pyramid. Why do not we
typically find many animals at the very top of an
ecological pyramid? Write in a short answer.
The amount of energy available by the time
the top of the pyramid is reached is not enough to
sustain many individuals.
What will happen if you remove all primary
consumers from your ecological pyramid? Write a
short answer.
The number of producers would increase
What do you understand when you learn that when
one species goes missing, it can mess up the whole
food web? Write a short answer.
Food web consists of many food chains
that are INTERCONNECTED. It represents the flow of
energy from one feeding group of organisms to
another
Use your food web to answer this question.
What does each arrow in the food web symbolize?
Energy flow
List your secondary consumers from your food web.
Depending on students’ answer
Assume the Ecological trail is a small ecosystem in
a large Malaysian peat swamp forests. When a fire
breaks out in the ecological trail, it causes many
negative impacts. Based on your group’s food web,
what are THREE (3) likely negative consequences
from this scenario?
- lack of food resource
- habitat loss
- increase competition between organisms
biotic interaction - intra/interspecific reaction
intraspecific reaction: occurs among DIFF INDIVIDUALS of the SAME SPECIES
interspecific (differ speci): occurs among INDIVIDUALS of DIFFERENT SPECIES in a COMMUNITY
5 types of species interaction
5 types of interaction
Amensalism
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
Predation
amensalism
negative association between 2 species.
- one harms without itself being adversely affected/harm
- skunk release gas, everyone else suffocated, skunk itself unaffected
predation
predator captures, kills, eat animal of another species (prey).
- predator benefit, prey harmed
parasitism
one species harmed, the other benefits
- living in/on a host
- parasite benefit, host harmed
commensalism
one benefit, the other not affected
- tress and epiphytic plants
mutualism
both benefit
- fungi and algae; fungi form the structure and absorb nutrients. algae photosynthesize, provide sugars to fungi.
competition
two individuals compete for the same resource
- humans and insect compete for crop plant
