LTM Flashcards
What is a mnemonic device?
any mental device/strategy that provides a useful rehearsal strategy for storing and remembering information
What are the 3 principles of mnemonic devices?
- provides structure for acquiring info (encoding)
- using visual images/rhymes helps create durable memories (retention)
- mnemonic guides you through retrieval by providing cues (retrieval)
What is the 3 step sequence of learning/memory?
- encoding
- retention
- retrieval
What are some examples of mnemonic devices?
-method of loci
-peg word
-acronyms
-jingles
-rhymes
What was the Ebbinghaus relearning task?
a list of nonsense syllables are originally learned and then set aside for a period of time in order to be relearned on the same criterion of accuracy
What is the “savings score” in Ebbinghaus’s research?
reduction in the number of trials or time necessary for relearning compared to original learning
What does Ebbinghaus’s results tell us?
information presented more frequently(more repetitions) is stored more strongly in memory
When does most forgetting occur according to Ebbinghaus?
the most dramatic forgetting occurs early after original learning
What did Ebbinghaus learn about the effects of repetition and overlearning?
more frequently repeated lists showed twice the savings than less frequently repeated lists, overlearning yields a stronger record in memory
Why are Ebbinghaus’s contributions so important?
he was the first to apply rigorous scientific methods and procedures to an objective examination of human memory
What is metamemory?
knowledge about one’s own memory system and its functioning
what is the isolation/von restorff effect?
it is easier to remember unusual, unexpected events (distinctiveness)
What is maintenance rehearsal?
low level, repetitive information recycling
What is elaborative rehearsal?
complex rehearsal that uses the meaning of the information to store/remember it
What is the organization effect?
tendency to recall related words together, impose some form of grouping of information
