Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

logbooks > LTI QS100 Aerial Ladder > Flashcards

LTI QS100 Aerial Ladder Flashcards

1
Q

The aerial ladder has 4 sections made up of what?

A

rectangular tubular steel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the tip load

A

250 lbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What size are the hand rails if the aerial ladder

A

15”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the size of the rungs and spacing between them

A

1 1/2 k-brace type rungs 14” on center with replaceable rug covers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Length of the aerial retracted

A

31.8’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Length of the aerial extended

A

94’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Elevated height of the aerial

A

100’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aerial And ground jacks are what type of operated system

A

Hydraulic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The ___ off of the chassis transmission, powers a hydraulic pump.

A

PTO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The hydraulic pump is an ___piston, variable displacement type pump with a capacity of ___gpm.

A

Axial

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hydraulic oil is supplied from an all steel reservoir with a capacity of __ gallons.

A

40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

consists of double-box beams and jacks, powered by double-acting hydraulic cylinders, integral-holding valves and manual pin locks as back-up locks

A

Outrigger system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dual, double-acting hydraulic cylinders with integral holding valves are used to elevate?

A

The aerial ladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aerial elevation ranges

A

-4 - 75 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

___ is mounted to the main section of the aerial, shows the angle of elevation of the ladder. Angle values are used to determine proper loading as identified by the Aerial Load Chart.

A

Liquid filled gauge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

___ is mounted to the control pedestal, identifies aerial capabilities of reach, height and capacity to permit safe and efficient use of the unit.

A

The aerial load chart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

______ and ______attach the aerial to the chassis; thus providing 360o continuous rotation.

A

Antifriction ball bearing and ring gear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rotation is achieved through a ______reduction drive powered by a _____ motor.

A

Planetary gear

Hydraulic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An automatic ____type brake is used to stop the rotation of the aerial.

A

Disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_____and_____of the aerial is provided by dual, extension/retraction cylinders and cable-drive combination.

A

Extension and retraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The power take off (PTO) Is mounted where?

A

On the transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When the PTO is turned on what fluid goes to the PTO?

A

Transmission fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A clutch within the PTO engages the shaft that transfers power to the ______

A

Hydraulic pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The PTO transmits the mechanical force developed by the _____to drive the main hydraulic pump.

A

Engine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pressure will _____in the circuit to that required for moving the actuators and performing elements, integral of the pump, and will not allow pressure to build up beyond the circuit’s operating requirement. As the control is returned to _____ (centered), pressure decreases.

A

Increase

Neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

With the pump operating and all function controls in neutral, the oil merely circulates within the?

A

Pump cavity under negligible pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Relief valves also protect components from damage due to

A

Excessive pressure build up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The variable displacement type pump will create ____psi and approximately __gpm.

A

2800psi

20 gpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

____ is an all steel welded construction with removable clean out access, integral baffles, filter, and strainer; gated suction, drain valves and magnetic drain plugs.

A

Hydraulic reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The aerial main control valve opens when the ____ is depressed or the emergency _______solenoid is actuated.

A

Dead-man

Blocking valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Three other spool valves are the aerial control spool valves; which operate _______, _______motor, and ______cylinders. The three aerial control spool valves are mechanically linked to the aerial control levers.

A

Hoisting cylinders
Rotation motor
Extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The aerial electrical system is a single wire; negative ground return type, utilizing the _________as ground.

A

Apparatus frame

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Power from the tractor’s system is transferred to the aerial through the _____________. The coupling consists of numerous sets of brushes and brush holder assemblies, collector rings and connectors which provide uninterrupted current flow to the aerial circuits through 360o of aerial rotation.

A

Electrical swivel coupling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The power take off (PTO) switch is an electric switch that energizes a _____, which allows transmission fluid to the PTO.

A

Solenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The PTO switch will not be energized until the transmission is in the _____position, and the ________ is set.

A

Neutral

Parking brake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

A _______mounted on the PTO senses pressure inside the PTO and energizes the PTO engaged indicator light adjacent to the PTO switch.

A

Pressure switch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

is spring loaded and mounted at each outrigger control box.

A

Emergency Power Unit (EPU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Activating and holding the switch in the ON position activates the emergency power unit during ______or _______failure.

A

ELECTRICAL

HYDRAULIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

EpU: The electric switch is wired to work even with the______off

A

Battery switch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The communication system provides two-way conversational capabilities between personnel at the _____ and the aerial control _____

A

Ladder tip

Pedestal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Operating controls are located on the master control unit and provide the following:

A

Listen volume, push to talk, talk volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

______System works in conjunction with the outrigger/aerial interlock system and will not allow the aerial/turntable to be rotated into an area which is not supported by fully deployed outriggers.

A

The rotation limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

_____permits use of the aerial with a “not fully deployed” outrigger, but the Rotation Limiting System limits the aerial’s movement to the side with the fully deployed outrigger.

A

Override switch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Danger: Do not rely on apparatus tipping to determine _____capacities.

A

Maximum load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Personnel on the ladder should maintain a distance of ___feet apart. Load distribution (distance and weight) shall not exceed rated capacities shown on the Load Chart.

A

10’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

_______must be applied before outrigger operation can be initiated. _______ must be in place ahead of and behind the front steering axle tires.

A

Parking brakes

Chock blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Keep away from dangerous banks and areas of uncertain footing. Avoid areas such as streams, canals, riverbanks and sandy terrain. The auxiliary ________are intended for use every time the outriggers are deployed.

A

Jack pads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Caution: When using the auxiliary jack pads under icy or slippery conditions, ______ the standing surface before placing the jack pad under the outrigger to prevent a sliding condition.

A

Rough up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Caution: Never set the outrigger jack over a _____or ____cover. Also, beams should not bridge the street and the curb.

A

Storm drain

Manhole cover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Operating “over the side” requires that the beams on the applicable side of the apparatus be _____to full limit travel, with the respective jack extended to contact solid, load-bearing surface.

A

Extended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Danger: Never operate the aerial ladder on the same side as a

A

Short-jack outrigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

The aerial is designed with its maximum strength available in the unsupported configuration. ________introduces component stress, resulting in reduced load capacities.

A

Reverse loading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Position the ladder approximately ___inches to ____ inches above the objective.

A

6”

12”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Never rapidly reverse swing directions. _____the control lever movement in both directions.

A

Feather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Suddenly reversing swing direction could ______personnel, resulting in serious injury and can cause damage to the swing system and/or the ladder structure.

A

Dislodge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Keep constant eye contact with an aerial in motion. Watch for hazards in all directions. If you must look in another direction, ____the operation immediately, but smoothly.

A

Stop

57
Q

Never use the aerial ladder to pull or push sideways or use as a ram. The aerial is not structurally designed for _________or opposite pressure against the _______rams.

A

Side loading

Extension

58
Q

Do not use the aerial as a?

A

Crane

59
Q

Avoid close proximity with electrical wiring and cables. Always keep the aerial at least ___feet away from all wiring. If the aerial should contact power lines, all personnel should remain on the apparatus until power is shut off or aerial is freed.

A

10’

60
Q

DANGER: You must allow for ladder sway, rock and sag when operating near power lines and cables. The apparatus is not _____. Contact between the apparatus and ground, should the unit become energized, will result in death or serious injury.

A

INSULATED

61
Q

Beware of _________ effect when positioned between buildings with the ladder elevated. When operating an elevated ladder in high or gusty wind conditions, be aware that concentrated wind of maximum velocity will be directed at the aerial.

A

WIND TUNNEL EFFECT

62
Q

Caution: Do not operate with ladder elevated in wind conditions exceeding ___mph.

A

30

63
Q

DANGER: Never climb a ladder in____. Arms and legs caught between moving ladder sections will seriously be mangled or severed.

A

MOTION

64
Q

DANGER: Never use a “_____” on the ladder. Legs caught between moving ladder sections will be seriously mangled or severed.

A

LEG LOCK

65
Q

Expect shift in ladder position when changing direction of_______. When operating the ladderpipe, expect a shift in aerial position when the direction of the water stream is changed.

A

WATER STREAM

66
Q

Full, rated capacities are allowable on grades up to, but not including, 6%/3.5o. On grades between 6% and 14%/3.5o and 8.0o, capacities are reduced by ___

A

50%

67
Q

Wind, ice and other factors ___________, as well as strength of supporting surfaces and skill of the operator, must be considered when utilizing the aerial at its fullest potential.

A

AFFECTING STABILITY

68
Q

Certain capacities are limited by structural strength; therefore, stability factors (as evidenced by apparatus tipping) must not be relied upon as the ______limitation.

A

CAPACITY

69
Q

Reduction in load capacities must be made to compensate for ___and/or ____ accumulation.

A

ICE

SNOW

70
Q

Capacities are established for the unit based on

A

STANRD UNIT CONFIGURATION

71
Q

Capacities are established with no additional equipment at the tip (other than “as delivered” items). The weight of tip equipment (nozzles, pike poles, hoses, axes, ladders, etc.) must be _____ from tip load capacities.

A

DEDUCTED

72
Q

The Load Chart presents a graphic display of the aerial ladder apparatus’ load lifting and weight distribution limitations. The chart is representative of both ______ and_______ operational capacities, as well as combined operational capacities.

A

LADDER

LADDERPIPE

73
Q

Operating on grades in excess of ____/___ is prohibited.

A

14%/9 DEGREES

74
Q

An outrigger control box is located next to the outriggers on _____ of the trailer.

A

EACH SIDE

75
Q

Total outrigger spread when fully deployed is

A

93-2001: 16’

2001-2009: 14’

76
Q

Chock blocks are used to provide additional friction to prevent movement (walking) of the apparatus on its outriggers. The chock block should be positioned in front and behind both front tires. If on a hill, place on the downhill side of the ____ and ____ tires.

A

FRONT

TILLER

77
Q

______are portable oversized metal plates that give greater surface bearing area for the jacks.

A

AUXILIARY JACK PADS

78
Q

A fast idle switch is installed at each outrigger control box and on the pedestal.
The preset fast idle is ___to___rpm

A

1500-1600rpm

79
Q

Outrigger control switches are an ____ over ______ control system for normal outrigger operation. Switches are spring loaded.

A

Electric

Hydraulic

80
Q

The beam and jack control switches may be operated ______, but this is not recommended.

A

Simultaneously

81
Q

For emergency response the beam ___and jack __can be operated simultaneously after jack pressure is released.

A

In

Up

82
Q

Located above the fifth wheel are four hydraulic cylinders, called

A

Lockout cylinders

83
Q

CAUTION: If at anytime the road transmission is shifted into gear while performing aerial operations, the _______will automatically disengage the PTO.

A

Chelsea Hot Start

84
Q

The proper method for deployment of the outriggers is to relieve the weight from the ___________ (tractor’s rear tires and tiller steering axle tires maintaining ground contact), allowing the frame and aerial support structure to assume the operating load.

A

TRACTORS REAR SPRINGS

85
Q

CAUTION: When operating on slopes or slippery terrain, keep one set of _____(wheels with air-actuated, spring brake applied brakes) firmly on the ground.

A

BRAKING TIRES

86
Q

Extend down low side jack until bubble in the aerial leveling indicator moves just past level (___). The fully deployed light should be illuminated for that side and the weight removed from the tractor’s rear springs by taking the bulge out of the duals, but not off the ground.

A

1/8’’

87
Q

Choose a hole that is a minimum ___” below jack skirt. Fully insert manual locking pin and then back pin out __” (if leveling is not required).

A

1/4’’

1/2”

88
Q

The aerial extension indicates is Located along the handrails of the main section are extension indicators marked off in ___ increments. At the tip of the ______ section is a red tape indicator.

A

5 foot

Inner-mid

89
Q

The circuit selector requires a ______to the left or right for engagement. When activated the manual circuit selector allows hydraulic fluid to the outrigger valve bank and aerial controls, which can then be controlled using standard operating procedure.

A

Quarter turn

90
Q

When operation of aerial control levers is complete, push and turn the solenoid knob to the _____ to re-engage valve for outrigger operation.

A

Right

91
Q

Used to rotate the ladder while utilizing the EPU during an electrical failure.

A

Rotation interlock override (left or right)

92
Q

When using the rotation interlock override
The ladder can be moved ___ to ___degrees past the tiller cab toward the short set side and ___degrees past the tractor cab toward the short set side.

A

8-10 degrees

2 degrees

93
Q

Holding the switch in the on position allows the aerial to be operated without the outriggers being fully deployed.

A

Interlock override switch

94
Q

Hydraulic System Pressure Gauge

registers working pressure in the hydraulic system from

A

0-5000psi

95
Q

Pressure to hoist should not exceed ____ psi. Pressure to rotate should not exceed ____ psi. Pressure to extend/retract should not exceed _____ psI

A

2800
1500
2000

96
Q

Operated by a small wire that extends and retracts with the aerial ladder; the gauge
displays ladder extension in feet

A

Extension gauge

97
Q

These levers are mechanically linked to the spool valve. When a control lever is moved, the spool is lifted proportionally to the control lever movement.

A

Aerial control levels

98
Q

Located on the just below the aerial on the turntable is the

A

Swing drive

99
Q

Located at the base and tip of the fly section are

A

Chainsaw holders

100
Q

The 10’ aluminum-folding ladder is stored in these brackets.

A

Aluminum folding ladder brackets

101
Q

The ladderpipe assembly clamps on to the ____rung on the tip of the fly section and
the short rung just behind the _____ rung on the tip of the fly section.

A

Last

Second to last

102
Q

When all switches are activated for a particular outrigger, its green light, at the outrigger control box, will light at

A

800 lbs

103
Q

The outrigger interlock override system is designed to allow use of the aerial in situations where lives are at risk and no other options are available. The system allows the outrigger, on the side opposite where the aerial is to be used, to be “_______”, or not fully extended in the horizontal direction.

A

Short-jacked

104
Q

Prior to actuating the applicable button(s) on the outrigger valve bank, the 4 way solenoid handle must be ____and ____in the actuated position, for the duration of the outrigger operation.

A

Pushed and held

105
Q

With the 4 way solenoid valve actuated in the on position his manually shifts the ________valve, shutting off the oil to the aerial system and directing the flow to the outrigger valve bank.

A

Blocking solenoid valve

106
Q

Lower ladder to tiller cab roof, ensure that ladder is fully retracted, visual to
alignment of red marks on main and third fly section (full retraction) and/or extension gauge is at __ mark. Ladder is rotated to correct position, ladder pipe and all obstructions are clear.

A

30’

107
Q

CAUTION: Releasing the Interlock Override switch while in motion will cause aerial to _______.

A

Stop abruptly

108
Q

In order to allow for cradling of the ladder, there is approximately __degrees of
rotation travel past the vehicle centerline. This small angle will not allow the ladder
to top or become unstable over the other side.

A

4 degrees

109
Q

With the blocking solenoid in the ___or ____position, push either the LEFT or RIGHT Rotation Interlock Button while at the same time moving the main Rotation Control Lever the same LEFT or RIGHT position.

A

Out or closed

110
Q

a 12-volt dc electric motor and a 1.5 gpm at 2000-psi pump.

A

EPU

111
Q

EPU operation is independent of the aerial electrical system and the PTO switch should be ______

A

TURNED OFF

112
Q

The EPU is rated for a maximum of __minutes (approx.) continuous operation. Exceeding this period of time will cause the unit to fail.

A

7 MINS

113
Q

2006-2009: The EPU can be used over a long period of time at a ___ duty cycle, which is approximately ___minutes in every ___minutes (__ minutes on and ___minutes off).

A

23%

  1. 3 mins every 10 mins
  2. 3 mins on 7.7 mins off
114
Q

Actual operating time is dependent upon _____; state of charge and ______ in control being moved.

A

Batteries

Hydraulic pressure

115
Q

An EPU switch is at each

A

Outrigger control box

116
Q

EPU switch to the on position and hold for emergency power then release. This electric switch is wired to work even with

A

Battery switch off

117
Q

For 1995-2003 the EPU is rated for a maximum of ___continuous operation.
The EPU can be used over a long period of time At a ____ duty cycle which is approximately ___ in every ___

A

3 mins
7% duty cycle
21 seconds every 5 mins

118
Q

On the 2009 LTI Aerial ladder the_____ is located on both the left & right side of the trailer gooseneck near the fifth wheel. The attachment point has a rating of ____lbs.

A

Anchor attachment point

9000lbs

119
Q

On the 2009 LTI aerial ladder the cap stand is mounted where?

A

On the pedestal

120
Q

On the 2009 LTI aerial ladder The capstan has the same ___lb. rating as the tip load of the aerial ladder.

A

250

121
Q

2009 LTI: utilizes a manually operated winch mounted at the turntable step area along with a Rope Roller assembly mounted at the ladder tip, which when used together, permits loads to be raised with relative ease and safety.

A

The winch lifting system

122
Q

2009 LTI: The maximum capacity of the winch system is designed to ____the ladder’s capacities therefore the load must never exceed the ladder capacity for any given position.

A

Match

123
Q

2009 LTI: The winch is a multi-speed model providing high torque – slow speed (_____) lifting for heavy loads or low torque - higher speed (_____) lifting for lighter loads.

A

Clockwise

counterclockwise

124
Q

2009 LTI: The Winch utilizes a common _________, which can be easily removed when needed. Storage of the Winch Handle is also provided on the ___ side of the winch tube mount.

A

Hitch-pin arrangement

Left

125
Q

2009 LTI: ______ rope is recommended. The rated capacity of the ___ rope is well beyond the ratings of both the winch and the ladder.

A

1/2’’ static kernmantle

1/2’’

126
Q

2009 LTI: Attach rope to object to be lifted. A ____rope should also be attached to the object to minimize sway or movement of the object.

A

Guy

127
Q

2009 LTI: NOTE: A guy rope monitored by someone on the ground will help minimize sway and horizontal movement of the object which would place extra loading on the aerial device. Be aware of and make allowance for wind and/or other conditions which may put additional stress on ladder. Depending on the object to be lifted, a ___, or preferably a ___ point attachment must be utilized.

A

2 preferably 4

128
Q

2009 LTI: Wrap rope around the mechanical winch in a _____direction when looking down on the unit from the top. An ____ has been cut into the winch mounting plate to clearly identify the proper path of the rope.

A

Clockwise

Arrow

129
Q

2009 LTI: Wrap the rope_____-____times around the drum starting at the bottom, working it up until it reaches the winch’s upper arm.

A

4-5

130
Q

2009 LTI: Seat the rope in the ________groove.

A

Stripper arm’s self-tailing

131
Q

2009 LTI: The stripper arm and self- tailing groove automatically maintain the ________ on the rope.

A

Proper tension

132
Q

2009 LTI: Remove winch handle from its storage position and insert into ___ of winch. Winch is now ready for use.

A

Top

133
Q

2009 LTI: NOTES: Holes are cut into the winch mounting plate permitting ______ to be used along with some type of safety system (triple sliding hitch, cam device, etc.) on the load side of the winch assembly. A second ___can also be used, threaded through the tip rope roller and connected to the load providing a secondary safety system in the event the main line would fail.

A

Carabiners

Rope

134
Q

2009 LTI: NOTE: A _____ can be utilized to assist with turning of the winch handle. Once the load has been lifted enough to clear obstacles, the raise and rotating functions can be used to move the load more quickly out of harms way. During this time it is very important that a guy rope be utilized to steady the load and reduce sway.

A

SECOND PERSON

135
Q

2009 LTI: Winch Lifting System – Turntable Mounted: Lowering Procedure. Carefully remove wraps from the winch while slowly allowing rope to pay out
from the winch. To slow movement, ________ around winch. The heavier the weight, the more wraps will be needed for proper control.

A

Add wraps

136
Q

2009 LTI: consists of a center sheave with a retainer weldment and two rope attachment loops, one on each side, all mounted to a shaft at the tip of the ladder.

A

Rope roller assembly

137
Q

2009 LTI: The two loops provide for________points while the center sheave allows one or more ropes to easily pass around the tip of the ladder and down to an object for lifting.

A

Convenient tie off

138
Q

2009 LTI: The rope roller can be used with or without the turntable mounted __________which provides mechanical advantage and easier monitoring of the rope and load.

A

Winch lifting system

139
Q

2009 LTI: During water stream operations or personnel rescue situations, a ________permits the Roller Assembly to be completely removed providing a clear tip area.

A

Quick release pin

logbooks (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions