LT#5: IFMs & Types of Solids Flashcards
Define Ion-Dipole Force
Attraction between the full charge of an ion and the opposite slight charge of a polar molecule
Define Hydrogen Bond
Occurs between 2 polar molecules where an O-H, N-H or F-H group on one molecule attracts the lone pair of an O, N or F on a neighbouring molecule.
Define Dipole-Dipole Force
Occurs between 2 polar molecules where the opposite slight charged ends attract each other.
Define Ion-Induced Dipole Force
An ion brought close to a non-polar molecule causes electrons to displace. The non-polar molecule becomes temporarily polar
Define Dipole-Induced Dipole Force
A polar molecule brought close to a non-polar molecule causes electrons to displace. The non-polar molecule becomes temporarily polar
Define London Dispersion Force
Shared electrons are constantly vibrating which
temporarily creates charge imbalances. This temporary
dipole can induce dipoles in surrounding molecules.
LD forces increase with size and surface area.
Describe the structure of atomic solids
Made of individual noble gas atoms
What type of force holds an atomic solid together?
Very weak LD’s due to particle size
Describe the structure of non-polar molecular solids
Made by stacking non-polar molecules
What type of force holds a non-polar molecular solid together?
Weak to strong LD’s depending on particle size
What are the properties of non-polar molecular solids?
Melting Point - Low
Hardness - Soft
Conductivity - None
Solubility - Extremely Low
What are the properties of atomic solids?
Melting Point - Extremely Low
Hardness - Extremely Soft
Conductivity - None
Solubility - Extremely Low
Describe the structure of metallic solids
Metal cations held in a crystal by a free electron sea
Describe the structure of ionic solids
Made of cations and anions forming ionic bonds in 3-D
What type of force holds a polar molecular solid together?
DD or HB
Describe the structure of polar molecular solids
Made by stacking polar molecules so that their slight opposite charges attract each other
What are the properties of polar molecular solids?
Melting Point - Medium
Hardness - Medium
Conductivity - Low
Solubility - Med - High
What type of force holds a metallic solid together?
Metallic Bonds
What are the properties of metallic solids?
Melting Point - Medium - Hard
Hardness - Medium - High
Conductivity - High as a solid
Solubility - Extremely Low
What type of force holds an ionic solid together?
Ionic Bonds
What are the properties of ionic solids?
Melting Point - High
Hardness - Hard
Conductivity - None as a solid, High when dissolved or melted
Solubility - High
Describe the structure of network solids
Atoms or compounds linked by covalent bonds in 2-D or 3-D arrays
What type of force holds a network solid together?
Covalent Bonds
What are the properties of network solids?
Melting Point - High
Hardness - Hard
Conductivity - None
Solubility - Extremely Low
What are some examples of network solids?
Carbon - graphite, diamond, bucky balls, fullerene tubes (carbon fibre)
Silcon Dioxide (quartz)
