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LSW Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Id

A

def: primitive drives, instinctual needs
properties: need gratifying, primary process thinking, unconscious discharge tension

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2
Q

Ego

A

def: mediator between id and superego & between internal/external reality
properties: defense mechanisms

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3
Q

Superego

A

def: conscience, ego ideal
properties: right and wrong, uses internal/external rewards and punishments to control and regulate id impulse

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4
Q

fixation

A

a failure to resolve a conflict (psychoanalytic theory)

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5
Q

three levels of mental activity

A

unconscious: thoughts, feelings, desires, memories (unaware)
preconscious: thoughts & feels brought to consciousness easily
conscious: mental activities - fully aware

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6
Q

Stages of Psychosexual Development

A

1) Oral (0-18mos) world explored through mouth, dependency needs externally met, libido centered onn oral
2) Anal (18-36mos) elimination/retention, holding on, letting go, impulse regulation beginning, some self-control
3) Phallic/oedipal (36mos-6yrs) affection directed at opp. sex parent, rival w/same sex parent, genital investment
4) Latency (6-11yrs) formal learning occurs, peer friendships, same-sex peer relationships primary, energy invested outside family
5) Genital (11-15yrs puberty & 11-19yrs adolescence) intense love capable of sexualization, egotistic and altruistic, ambivalence toward parents and other adults

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7
Q

Psycho-social Theory

A

Erikson

Personality develops with interaction and mastery of social environment.

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8
Q

Trust vs Mistrust

A 
Erikson 
0-12mos
-sufficient supplies enable assurance of care
-soothing to prevent overstimulation
-certainty of mother
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9
Q

Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt

A 
Erikson
18-36mos
-verbal and conceptual stim
-language dev
-permission to explore w/protection against danger
-beginning differentiation
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10
Q

Initiative vs Guilt

A 
Erikson
3-6yrs
-begin. to be away from home
-play w/peers
-pride in self/achievements
-separate from parents
-superego dev
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11
Q

Industry vs Inferiority

A 
Erikson
6-11 yrs
-conformity in educational institution -->some sacrifice of creativity/imagination
-intellectual/social mastery
-cooperation with others
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12
Q

Identity vs Role Confusion

A 
Erikson
11-18yrs
-partial sep. from parents
-peer relationships are primary
-sexual identity confirmed
-conformity within group
-dev of vocational goal
-second individuation phase
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13
Q

Intimacy vs Isolation

A 
Erikson
Erikson
19-30yrs
-leaving home
-dev of career
-intimate relationships
-commitments to sex, role identity, occupation, social role
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14
Q

Generativity vs Stagnation

A

Erikson
30-65yrs
-achievement of stable new family
-achievement and productivity in vocational area

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15
Q

Ego Identity vs Despair

A 
Erikson
65+yrs
-acceptance of mortality
-satisfaction of previous life roles
-opp for further self-dev
-adequacy in dealing  with loss (death/illness)
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16
Q

Separation-Individuation Theory

A

Margaret Mahler

  • dev of consolidated sense of self as result of separation and individuation from love object
  • 0-3yrs
  • leads to object constancy

1) Attachment
- Normal Autism: 0-2/3mos - someone meets all physiological needs, stimulus barrier, alert inactivity
- Normal Symbiosis 2-5/6mos - “I vs Not I”, omnipotent fusion w/mother, mutual cueing w/mother

2) Separation
- Hatching 6-8/9mos - alert when awake, exploration of others, observation/peek-a-boo, discrimination of mother vs others, stranger anxiety
- Practicing 9-18mos - optimal distance, upright mobility, height of narcissism, trying out autonomous skills,

3) Individuation/Rapproachement
- Beg 15-22mos - disengagement vs intense need for attention, resurgence of stranger anxiety, shares discoveries, identifies body as own, attaches to others when mother absent
- Rapp. to Crisis Proper 24-30mos - ambivalent behaviors (clinging/demanding), splitting of self, transitional objects help, can leave mother vs being left
- Res. of Crisis 30-36mos - language dev, play masters anxiety, internalization of parental demands, dev own means to solve dilemmas

4)Object Constancy 36+mos - ok w/mother leaving bc understands she will return, memory retention, play is purposeful and constructive, unified self and other image (good/bad)

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17
Q

Cognitive Developmental Theory

A

Jean Piaget
4 stages completed by 11yrs

1) Sensorimotor: 0-2yrs
- intentional actions, signal-meaning, language beginning
2) Pre-Operational: 2-7yrs
- night terrors/magical thinking, concrete thinking, egocentric, centered on one detail or event
3) Concrete Operations: 7-11yrs
- beg of abstract thought, fairness is issue, cause/effect understood, comprehension of past/present/future, logical implications understood, reversible thinking
4) Formal Operations: 11+yrs
- higher level abstract thinking, planning for future, perspective-taking,

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18
Q

Moral Development Theory

A

Lawrence Kohlberg
Need higher levels of cognitive reasoning to achieve moral reasoning. Levels of moral reasoning:

Stage I: Pre-conventional - based on avoiding punishment/serve own needs, “right” is relative

Stage II: Conventional - need to look good in own/other’s eyes, maintain social system

Stage III: greater moral principles, sense of personal commitment to do what is right, greater good

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19
Q

Stages of Death & Dying

A

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
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20
Q

Problem-Solving Approach

A

Helen Harris Perlman

4 P’s (person, problem, place, process) looked at during process of change

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21
Q

Psychsocial Approach

A

Florence Hollis

  • People seen in context of interactions/transactions with external world.
  • Need formal medical, psychological, social history
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22
Q

Crisis Intervention

A

Naomi Golan

  • Brief intervention of 6-8 wks
  • Goals:
    1. relieve stress w/social-emotional resources
    2. return to previous level of functioning
    3. help strengthen coping mechanisms and dev adaptive coping strategies
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23
Q

Classical Conditioning/Respondent

A

Ivan Pavlov

  • stimulus-response
  • dog/bell/food
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24
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

BF Skinner
ABCs of behavior & FBA
Used mostly for sexual dysfunction, phobic disorders, compulsive behaviors, DD/autism

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25
Rational Emotive Therapy
- Cog-oriented approach - Change client irrational arguments thru argument, persuasion, rational re-evaluation, teaching client to counter self-defeating thinking w/new non-distressing self-statements
26
Gestalt
experiences not isolated but part of perceptual system of interdependent factors - tx is experiential, here/now, used with groups/indiv
27
Structural Family Therapy
Salvador Minuchin importance of family organization -->functioning/well-being of group -boundaries (interpersonal, w/outside world, generational), enmeshment -interventions: family mapping, parent training, strengthening co-parent relationships, building family hierarchy, enactment, joining
28
Multi-generational approach
Murray Bowen family issues result of unfinished business in family of origin relationships; problems are fusion/inadequate individuation Goal: increase differentiation of individuals and avoid triangulation/emotional cut-offs Interventions: genogram, extensive history-taking, education about impact of family system on current family system
29
Strategic Family Therarpy
Jay Haley/Palo Alto Group - All problems have multiple origins; presenting problem is symptom/response to current dysfunction in family interaction - Therapy focuses on altering feedback style - Techniques: relabeling, reframing, directives,
30
Concurrent therapy
tx of two or more people - usually seen by different therapists
31
Conjoint therapy
tx of 2 or more people in sessions together
32
Object Relations
internalized images of self and others based on early parent-child interactions which determine a person's mode of relationship to other people
33
Object Relations Theory
Melanie Klein & British School | -Stresses object-seeking propensity of infant instead of focusing exclusively on libidinal and aggressive drives
34
Undifferentiated family ego mass
the emotional fusion or enmeshment of a family
35
Stages of Group Development
1. Forming/Pre-Affiliation: dev of trust 2. Storming/Power&Control: struggle for indiv autonomy and group identification 3. Norming/Intimacy: utilizing self-service in group 4. Performing/Differentiation: acceptance of each other as distinct individuals 5. Adjourning/separation&termination: independence
36
Primary prevention
to prevent; aimed at reducing the prevalence of a problem by reducing incidence of new cases; creating environments that promote mental health (Ex: teen pregnancy - boys/girls clubs)
37
Secondary prevention
to treat symptoms; reduce prevalence by reducing duration thru early detection/intervention (Ex: teen pregnancy - groups for expectant mothers)
38
Tertiary prevention
to reduce disability in chronic problems; reduce duration of problem by reducing negative after-effects (Ex: teen pregnancy - daycare in HS)
39
6 Basic Functions of SW
1. help people to effectively utilize own problem-solving & coping capacities 2. est linkages between people/resources 3. facilitate relationships between people/resource systems 4. contribute to development/modification of social policy 5. distribute resources 6. serve as agents of social control
40
Social Casework
Restoring, sustaining, enhancing individually satisfactory and socially acceptable functioning 1. determine nature of problem 2. restore/sustain/enhance satisfactory and socially-acceptable social functioning 3. spell out details
41
Interviewing Process Phase 1
Initial Contact (intake interview)
42
Interviewing Process Phase 2
Phase 1: Initial Interviews directed at exploration, assessment, and planning A. Engaging client B. Fact-gathering: assessment of problem C. Assessment or Diagnosis D. Determination of Goals/Dev of Tx Contract
43
Suicide Stats
- males complete suicide 4x more than females - highest risk - males 75+ - attempts 3-6x more likely for females - men higher risk for guns/hanging - woman higher risk for pills/gas - caucasians 2x more likely than AA
44
Clinical Factors that increase suicide risk
- presence of clinical depression - hx of previous attempts - alcohol abuse - impairment in rational thinking - lack of social supports - recent losses - decline in physical health - hostile interpersonal environ. - recent discharge from medical or psychiatric hospital
45
Phase II: Treatment Interventions
Interventions: 1. Direct (sustainment, direct influence, exploration/description/ventilation, person-in-situation reflection, pattern-dynamic reflection, developmental reflection) 2. Indirect/Environmental interventions (resource development, interpreter/mediator between clt and environ, intervention in environment)
46
Phase II: Treatment Techniques
Techniques: 1. Self-awareness and self-understanding 2. Ethical decision-making 3. Talking and listening basic interpersonal skills 4. Exploring 5. Assessing 6. Contracting
47
Phase III: Termination & Evaluation
A. Planned B. Unplanned/forced Elements: discussion of progress, feelings, dev of plan for maintaining progress, recommendations/referrals
48
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Intellectual Disability - Communication Disorders - ASD - ADHD - SLD - Motor disorders - Tic disorders - Other Neurodevelopmental disorders
49
Schizophrenia Spectrum & Other Psychotic Disorders
-Abnormalities in one or more of 5 domains -spectrum from Schizotypal personality d/o (odd and eccentric symptoms w/o break in reality) to schizophrenia (hallucinations/delusions) Ex: Schizotypal Personality, Delusional, Brief Psychotic, Schizophreniform, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective, Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic, etc.
50
Positive Symptoms
Domain for Schizophrenia Spectrum, etc. | delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior
51
Negative Symptoms
Domain for Schizophrenia Spectrum, etc. | diminished emotional expression, avolition
52
Bipolar & Related Disorders
Disorders including manic, hypermanic, and depressive symptoms Includes: Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymia,
53
Depressive Disorders
Disorders with presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that affect capacity to function. Includes: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation, Major Depressive, Persistent Depressive (Dysthymia), Pre-menstrual Dysphoric
54
Anxiety Disorders
Disorders involving persistent/excessive fear and anxiety. | Includes: Separation Anxiety, Selective Mutism, Specific Phobia, Panic, Agoraphobia, GAD
55
Obsessive-Compulsive & Related Disorders
Disorders with presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that are excessive and persistent Includes: OCD, Body Dysmorphic, Hoarding, Trichotillomania,
56
Trauma & Stressor-Related Disorders
Disorders in which exposure to stressful event listed. | Includes: Reactive Attachment, Disinhibited Social Engagement, PTSD, Acute Stress, Adjustment
57
Dissociative Disorder
Disorders in which there is a loss of continuity of experience, fragmentation of identity Includes: Dissociative Identity, Dissociative Amnesia, Depersonalization/Derealization
58
Somatic Symptom & Related Disorders
Disorders characterized by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to somatic symptoms Includes: Somatic Symptom, Illness Anxiety (hypochondria), Conversion Disorder, Factitious (Munchaussen)
59
Feeding & Eating Disorders
Disorders related to persistent disturbance of eating/eating-related behavior Includes: Pica, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder
60
Elimination Disorders
Disorders that involve inappropriate elimination of urine/feces - diagnosed in childhood/adolescence Includes: Enuresis, Encopresis
61
Sleep-Wake Disorders
Disorders involving sleep-wake complaints including quality, timing, amount, daytime distress Includes: Insomnia, Narcolepsy, Nightmare Disorder, Restless Leg Syndrome
62
Sexual Dysfunction
Disorders involving clinically significant disturbance in person's ability to respond sexually or experience sexual pleasure
63
Gender Dysphoria
Disorders where there is a marked difference between person's expressed gender and gender assigned to him/her
64
Disruptive, Impulse-Control, & Conduct Disorders
Disorders with a significant lack of emotional and behavioral self-control Includes: ODD, Intermittent Explosive, Conduct, Antisocial Personality
65
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Disorders due to drugs taken in excess
66
Neurocognitive Disorders
Disorders with core feature being a deficit in cognitive function that is acquired vs developmental Includes domains of complex attention, executive functioning, learning/memory, expressive/receptive language, perceptual/motor, social cognition Includes: Dementia, Major or Mild Neurocognitive D/O
67
Personality Disorders
Disorders diagnosed 18+ with behavior deviating from expected, onset in adolescence/adulthood, leads to distress Includes: Borderline, Narcissistic, Antisocial,
68
Paraphillic Disorders
Intense and persistent interest in sexual arousal and gratification
69
Medication-Induced Movement Disorders & Other Adverse Effects of Medication
Disorders including: Tardive Dyskinesia, Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome, Other Adverse Effects of Medication
70
Values of Social Work
1. service 2. social justice 3. dignity and worth of the person 4. importance of human relationships 5. integrity 6. competence
71
Steps in research
1. problem formulation (hypothesis) 2. study design 3. methodology 4. data collection 5. analysis of results 6. dissemination of results
72
independent variable
explanatory variable - causes the change
73
dependent variable
response variable - responds to change
74
intervening variable
factors that increase or decrease effect of independent variable
75
quasi-experimental design
study with two or more groups and two different interventions (can be control) uses pre/post test
76
single subject design
study with one client or one client system | useful for private practice
77
probability sample
sample of random selection - every individual considered for study has equal opportunity to be included in the sample
78
non-probability sample
sample of whoever is available/willing to participate
79
correlation coefficient
numerical index indicating degree to which two variables are associated with each other "r" closer "r" gets to 1 - stronger association, closer to 0= weaker
80
reliability
consistency in the measurement of a variable
81
validity
- internal: confidence with which we can say that a relationship exists between variables - external: how valid results are for other population; generalizability
82
Ethical issues in research
1. informed consent 2. voluntary participation 3. confidentiality 4. do not harm
83
Needs assessment
to verify a problem exists
84
population at risk
segment of population that is likely to develop a condition
85
population at need
group of potential targets who currently have condition
86
incidence
number of new cases of a problem that are identified or arise during a specified time
87
prevalence
number of existing cases at a specified time
88
Procedures for identifying targets
1. Key Informant Approach 2. Community Forum Approach 3. Rates under treatment 4. Social Indicators Approach 5. Surveys & Census
89
Theory X
management style oriented to the tasks which need to be accomplished (McGregor's Theory)
90
Theory Y
management style oriented to the growth and skills of the individual (McGregor's Theory)

LSW Exam (2 decks)

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