LSS Green Belt

Question 1

What is the Kano Model? 3 attributes

Answer 1

The Kano model is a theory for product development and customer satisfaction

1.) Needs- Customer expected (unspoken qualities) assumed to be present. These needs don’t leave customer dissatisfied or satisfied - if absent however the customer is very unhappy.

2.) Wants- one dimensional spoken requests. If present the customer is satisfied and if missing then they are disatified

3.) Delighters- exciting quality (unexpected unknown to customer).If present customer very satisfied if not present the are not dissatisfied.

Overtime wants become needs.

Question 2

What is IDOV?

Answer 2

Identify - design or re-design product/process

Design - Select design concepts that meet customer requests

Optimize - The design for performance, cost and manufacturability.

Validate - Test and Validate product/process.

Question 3

What are S.M.A.R.T project goals?

Answer 3

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Timely

Question 4

Process Flow diagram shapes and their Meaning ?

Answer 4

Oval- Start/Stop
Diamond- Decision Point
Rectangle- Activity (Action)
Circle- Connector to another page/diagram
Arrow- flow of process

Question 5

Voice of Customer Process

Answer 5

CTC - Critical to customer
Prioritize needs of customer
Turn I think to I know

Question 6

PF/CE/CNX/SOP

Answer 6

Process Flow/Cause and Effect (fishbone)/Controlled Noise Experiment (partition the Variables)/Standard Operating Procedure (for each constant)

Question 7

Attribute Data

Answer 7

Categorized data, no direct measurement mode, counts a feature of product or process. Test Result- Errors per week etc

Question 8

Variable Data

Answer 8

Continuous measurement data/measured value recorded. (example; wait time in hours, cost in dollars, temp in degrees)

**Variable Date is preferred

Question 9

T-Test

Answer 9

Used for detecting shift in average. Indicates type 1 error. P Values derived from data.

Question 10

Process Cycle Efficiency

Answer 10

A ratio of value added time to total lead time

% Efficiency = (VA Time/Total Lead Time)

Question 11

Value Stream

Answer 11

Is the entire set of processes or activities performed to transform the products & services into customer requirements.

Primary focus is TIME

Question 12

First Pass Yield and RTY

Answer 12

FPY = (Number of units completely defect free/number of units started)

Rolled Throughput Yield- Yield of product that goes through multiple processes defect free.

Question 13

What is MSA Test? What does MSA Measure?

Answer 13

Measurement System Analysis is a test we set up and conduct to assess measurement system.

MSA measures for:
Attribute data
Effectiveness (% correct decisions)
Probability of False Rejects P(FR)
Probability of False Accepts P(FA)
Bias

Question 14

Some of the important considerations when setting up an MSA include:

Answer 14

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Representative test (people, SOPs, equipment, etc.)
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“Part” selection (how will select the parts or items to measure?)
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“Operator” selection (who should participate in the MSA?; how do we define “operator” for the MSA? . . . different people? different test sets? )
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Randomization (how will we conduct the data collection to avoid bias?)
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Sample size (how do we ensure sufficient data?; use rules of thumb)
*
For attribute (binary) data: (Number of “Operators”) x (Number of Parts) ≥ 60
*
For variables (continuous): (Number of “Operators”) x (Number of Parts) ≥ 20
*

Question 15

Poor measurement system capability can lead to:

Answer 15

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Wasted time and $ (reworking or correcting things that are acceptable to the customer)
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Customer dissatisfaction (quality escapes from the process, by failing to detect things that don’t meet the customer requirement)
‒
Poor decision making based on untrustworthy data

Question 16

central limit theorem

Answer 16

The central limit theorem says that the sampling distribution of the mean will always be normally distributed, as long as the sample size is large enough. Regardless of whether the population has a normal, Poisson, binomial, or any other distribution, the sampling distribution of the mean will be normal.