LSS Green Belt Flashcards
What is the Kano Model? 3 attributes
The Kano model is a theory for product development and customer satisfaction
1.) Needs- Customer expected (unspoken qualities) assumed to be present. These needs don’t leave customer dissatisfied or satisfied - if absent however the customer is very unhappy.
2.) Wants- one dimensional spoken requests. If present the customer is satisfied and if missing then they are disatified
3.) Delighters- exciting quality (unexpected unknown to customer).If present customer very satisfied if not present the are not dissatisfied.
Overtime wants become needs.
What is IDOV?
Identify - design or re-design product/process
Design - Select design concepts that meet customer requests
Optimize - The design for performance, cost and manufacturability.
Validate - Test and Validate product/process.
What are S.M.A.R.T project goals?
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Timely
Process Flow diagram shapes and their Meaning ?
Oval- Start/Stop
Diamond- Decision Point
Rectangle- Activity (Action)
Circle- Connector to another page/diagram
Arrow- flow of process
Voice of Customer Process
CTC - Critical to customer
Prioritize needs of customer
Turn I think to I know
PF/CE/CNX/SOP
Process Flow/Cause and Effect (fishbone)/Controlled Noise Experiment (partition the Variables)/Standard Operating Procedure (for each constant)
Attribute Data
Categorized data, no direct measurement mode, counts a feature of product or process. Test Result- Errors per week etc
Variable Data
Continuous measurement data/measured value recorded. (example; wait time in hours, cost in dollars, temp in degrees)
**Variable Date is preferred
T-Test
Used for detecting shift in average. Indicates type 1 error. P Values derived from data.
Process Cycle Efficiency
A ratio of value added time to total lead time
% Efficiency = (VA Time/Total Lead Time)
Value Stream
Is the entire set of processes or activities performed to transform the products & services into customer requirements.
Primary focus is TIME
First Pass Yield and RTY
FPY = (Number of units completely defect free/number of units started)
Rolled Throughput Yield- Yield of product that goes through multiple processes defect free.
What is MSA Test? What does MSA Measure?
Measurement System Analysis is a test we set up and conduct to assess measurement system.
MSA measures for:
Attribute data
Effectiveness (% correct decisions)
Probability of False Rejects P(FR)
Probability of False Accepts P(FA)
Bias
Some of the important considerations when setting up an MSA include:
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Representative test (people, SOPs, equipment, etc.)
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“Part” selection (how will select the parts or items to measure?)
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“Operator” selection (who should participate in the MSA?; how do we define “operator” for the MSA? . . . different people? different test sets? )
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Randomization (how will we conduct the data collection to avoid bias?)
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Sample size (how do we ensure sufficient data?; use rules of thumb)
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For attribute (binary) data: (Number of “Operators”) x (Number of Parts) ≥ 60
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For variables (continuous): (Number of “Operators”) x (Number of Parts) ≥ 20
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Poor measurement system capability can lead to:
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Wasted time and $ (reworking or correcting things that are acceptable to the customer)
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Customer dissatisfaction (quality escapes from the process, by failing to detect things that don’t meet the customer requirement)
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Poor decision making based on untrustworthy data
central limit theorem
The central limit theorem says that the sampling distribution of the mean will always be normally distributed, as long as the sample size is large enough. Regardless of whether the population has a normal, Poisson, binomial, or any other distribution, the sampling distribution of the mean will be normal.
