LSP Visceral and Vasuclar Flashcards
Prostate Ca.
Nocturia
Dribbling after urine
Weak flow
Retention
Blood in urine
- LBP
- pelvic or femur pain
- Erectile dysfunction
- Lethargy
Scan at 50 High risk at 45
- Men in their 40s and 50s:A PSA score greater than 2.5 ng/ml is considered abnormal, with a median PSA of 0.6 to 0.7 ng/ml.
- Men in their 60s:A PSA score greater than 4.0 ng/ml is considered abnormal, with a normal range of 1.0 to 1.5 ng/ml
Prostatitis
- Sudden moderate to high fever
- Chills
- Low back, inner thigh and perineal pain
- Testicular or penis pain
- Inc. frequency or urgency
- Nocturia
- Painful urination
- Weak or interrupted stream
- General malaisie
- sexual dysfunction
- Myalgia (muscle aches)
- Arthralgia
Testicular Ca.
Heaviness in scrotum
Lump or swelling in testicle
Significant loss of size
Felling of heaviness in scotom
Dull ache in abdomen or groin
Enlargement of breasts
Fatigue
LBP
Average age at time of diagnosis = 33
Men 15-35
Family Hx
Men have 3-4% chance of developing testicle cancer in other testicle
Metastasise most common place for disease to spread is lymph nodes to posterior abdomen and give low back pain.
Ovarian Ca.
3 most common:
1. Bloated abdomen
2. Saiety (feeling full quickly)
3. Loss of appetite
Pain in the lower abdomen
Back pain
Polyuria
Increased urgency to pee
Vaginal bleeding after the menopause
Fatigue
Wt loss
Bowel changes (diarr/constip)
50% develop in over 60’s, rare under 30. Risk increases with age.
4% may be linked to taking HRT (for one type of ovarian cancer)
Increased risk of breast cancer If you have ovarian cancer (due to same gene causing both)
RF:
- Overweight
- Family history – mum/sister increase risk x 3, higher risk if they were diagnosed early.
- Smoking
- Genes - If you have a mutation in the BRCA1 gene, your risk of developing ovarian cancer is up to 65% higher. With BRCA2, it is up to 35% higher.
- Nos of ovulatory cycles, more cycles, more risk
- HRT
- Diabetes
- Previous history of breast cancer or bowel cancer
- Endometriosis
BUT The risk of ovarian cancer is reduced by: Conditions that decrease the number of ovulatory cycles, including:
* A higher number of pregnancies.
* Breastfeeding.
* Use of the combined oral contraceptive pill.
Cervical Ca.
there may be none
Heavier periods than normal
Bleeding between periods, after sex, or after menopause.
Dyspareunia (painful sex)
Persistent vaginal discharge
Age: 30-34 years of age
The main cause of cervical cancer is long lasting (persistent) infection of certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common virus.
Cervical screening? Starts at 25, stops at 65
PCOS - Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Irregular or absent periods
Acne - Excess hair growth and acne
- Skin changes such as dark patches or skin tags
- Weight gain and insulin resistance
- Fertility issues and emotional symptoms
Hormone changes caused by elevated estrogen levels
Endometriosis
B/B changes
Dysmenorrhea
Heavy periods
Infertility
Abdo/Back Px
Dyspareunia
Poor QOL
Small intestine
Px above umbilicus
IBS/IBD
AAA
- May be asymptomatic
- RF: older age; Male; smoker; family Hx of AAA
- Screening age = 65
- Smoker – past or present = 15x more likely
- FHx in 1st degree relative = 4x more likely
- Hypertension = 2x more likely
- Signs of vascular problems to LEXT – 6ps
PAD
- RF: CVS, age, M, Diet, DM, sedentary, Stress, FHx, alcohol, smoking
- Older age
- 6ps (pain, pallor, pulselessness, paraesthesia, perishing cold, paralysis (power loss)
- Cause: atherosclerosis
- Poor foot/leg nail and hair growth
- Rest P exacerbated by lifting extremities
- Intermittent claudication - Cramp after certain distances - Relieved by rest Cant push through pain.
Complications:
- Impaired QOL - depression
- Tissue loss - ulceration and gangrene - risk of amputation in critical limb ischemia.
- MI, Stroke, vascular dementia.
- Compartment syndrome — reperfusion of ischaemic muscles can cause oedema and increased compartmental pressure.
