LSAT Trainer Logical Reasoning Test Flashcards
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it…
Flaw
The reasoning in the argument is flawed in that it…
Flaw
Which of the following is an error in the reasoning?
Flaw
Flaw question - what to do?
Understand your job (find an argument and what is wrong with it), find the point/conclusion, find the support, figure our what’s wrong (guess the flaw), get rid of answers and confirm the right answer.
The prosecutor assumes that…
Basic assumption (treat like flaw)
The author assumes that…
Basic assumption (treat like flaw)
What does the argument assume?
Basic assumption (treat like flaw)
The pattern of flawed reasoning in which of the following argument is most similar to that in the argument above?
Match the flaw
Which one of the following arguments contains flawed reasoning most similar to that above?
Match the flaw
Match the flaw - what to do?
Understand your job (to find an argument and what is wrong with it), find the point, find the support, figure out what’s wrong, get rid of answers, confirm the right answer.
UNLESS (memorization)
Unless you are at least 16, you cannot drive.
You cannot drive unless you are at least 16.
D -> >16
ONLY IF (memorization)
He will eat the fish only if it’s dead.
Only if it’s dead will he eat it.
E -> D
The conclusion follows logically if which of the following is assumed…
Sufficient assumption (uses words assumption as in “if assumed” and include some sense that would make argument valid or logical.
Which of the following if assumed allows the conclusion to be properly drawn?
Sufficient assumption
Sufficient assumption - what to do?
Understand your job (needs to 100% fix, make argument airtight), find the point, find the support, figure out what’s wrong, get rid of answers, confirm the right answer.
Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the economist’s reasoning?
Supporting principle - treat same as sufficient assumption. Answers just usually don’t have the same sense of closure.
The reasoning above most closely conforms to which of the following principles?
Conform to principle - treat same as sufficient assumption. Main difference is gaps are written less as flaws and more as opinions. Same idea - find the hole and plug it.
Which one of the following is most precisely exemplified by the situation presented above?
Conform to principle - treat same as sufficient assumption. Main difference is gaps are written less as flaws and more as opinions. Same idea - find the hole and plug it.
Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
Required assumption - needed not fix. Always word “assumption,” almost never “if,” and use require/rely/depend.
The argument relies on which of the following assumptions?
Required assumption - needed not fix. Always word “assumption,” almost never “if,” and use require/rely/depend.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
Required assumption - needed not fix. Always word “assumption,” almost never “if,” and use require/rely/depend.
Required assumption - what to do?
Understand your job, find the point, find the support, figure out what’s wrong (cannot anticipate these answers though), get rid of answers (just needs to be needed by argument, not fix), confirm answer (negation test).
Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
Strengthen (will always use if true in question stem. don’t need to think about validity of the answer choice)
Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the argument?
Weaken (will always use if true in question stem. don’t need to think about validity of the answer choice)
Which one of the following, if true, most calls into question the author’s reasoning?
Weaken (will always use if true in question stem. don’t need to think about validity of the answer choice)
Strengthen/weaken - what to do?
Understand your job (only 1 answer will s/w), find the point, find the support, figure out what’s wrong, get rid of answers (your job is to s/w the BOND between the support and conclusion).
Fit your answer between support and conclusion and you should see that it bonds or weakens it.
Which of the following best expresses the main conclusion of the argument?
Conclusion
Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion of the argument?
Conclusion
Conclusion - what to do?
Understand your job, find the point, find the support, get rid of answers (wrong will not focus on conclusion or will extrapolate from the conclusion), confirm the right answer
Which of the following best represents the role made by the claim that….
Identify the role
The reference to… plays which of the following roles in the argument…
Identify the role
The argument proceeds by…
Reasoning structure
X’s argument does which of the following?
Reasoning structure
Which one of the following is most similar in its reasoning to the argument above?
Match the reasoning
The pattern of reasoning in which of the following is most similar to that in the argument above..
Match the reasoning
If the sentences above are true, which of the following must be true?
Inference (must be true 100%, most 90%, fill in the blank 90%) S to A (most are A to S)
The information above provides the most support for which of the following?
Inference (must be true 100%, most 90%, fill in the blank 90%) S to A (most are A to S)
(following blank spaces) which of the following most logically completes the argument?
Inference (must be true 100%, most 90%, fill in the blank 90%) S to A (most are A to S)
Inference - definition
figure out which answer is provable, or closest to provable, based on the stimulus and more importantly which four answers are clearly not provable based on the stimulus
Inference - what to do?
Understand your job (must be true - look for answer that is 100% true based on stimulus, is most supported - look for an answer that is almost completely provable based on the text, fill in the blank - the right answer will have similar characteristics to most supported but will commonly represent the MP or the next logical link in a chain of reasoning), read the stimulus, eliminate wrong answer choices, confirm the right answer
Which of the following best illustrates the principle mentioned above?
Give an example
Which one of the following most closely conforms to the principle that the passage above illustrates?
Give an example
Give an example - what to do?
Stimulus presents a principle, and our job is to find an example of the principle in the answer choices.
Understand your job, understand the principle, eliminate wrong choices, confirm right answer.
X and Y’s statements provide the most support for holding that they disagree about…
Identify the disagreement
X and Y disagree over…
Identify the disagreement
Identify the disagreement - explain what it’ll look like
Person 1 makes a variety of points, person 2 will make a statement that either clearly shows disagreement with or strongly hints at disagreement with one of the points that the first person made. Your job is to find the point of disagreement.
Identify the disagreement - what to do?
Understand your job, read the stimulus to identify the disagreement, eliminate wrong, confirm right.
Which one of the following, if true, most resolves the apparent discrepancy described above?
Explain the discrepancy
Which one of the following if true most helps to explain why…?
Explain the discrepancy
Explain the discrepancy - what’s your job?
To explain how these 2 things could possibly be true at the same time.
Explain the discrepancy - what to do?
Understand your job (to explain how these 2 things could possibly be true at the same time), find discrepancy, eliminate wrong, confirm right. Doesn’t need to be foolproof and usually won’t be.
