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LSAT Flashcards

1
Q

What logical indicators are in Group 1? (7)

A

if, when, where, all, the only, every, any

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2
Q

How do you translate logical indicators in Group 1?

A

the idea immediately following the indicator becomes the sufficient condition (on the left)

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3
Q

On what side of the arrow is the sufficient condition?

A

left

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4
Q

On what side of the arrow is the necessary condition?

A

right

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5
Q

The right side of the arrow contains…

A

the necessary condition

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6
Q

The left side of the arrow contains…

A

the sufficient condition

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7
Q

When determining the main point, find an answer choice that…

A

directly paraphrases the author’s conclusion

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8
Q

Make sure the _______ of the answer and the conclusion match, when answering main point questions

A

subject

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9
Q

When identifying the main point, watch out for these traps:

A
  1. sentences that aren’t part of the actual argument (context) and 2. sub-conclusions (which are usually found in the last sentence of the passage)
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10
Q

What are some words used to help transition from context/background to the author’s argument?

A

However, But, Although, Some people say…

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11
Q

What is a sub-conclusion/major premise?

A

A sentence that gives support and receives support

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12
Q

What are three ways to help identify premise and conclusion?

A
  1. Asking what the author is trying to persuade you of
  2. Asking why?!
  3. Looking for premise/conclusion indicators
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13
Q

Because, For, Since are all immediately followed by…

A

a premise and contain the conclusion in the same sentence

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14
Q

What words indicate that the premise and conclusion are in the same sentence?

A

because, for, since

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15
Q

What words usually indicate a premise? (7)

A

given that, seeing that, after all, for the reason that, owing to, as indicated by, on the grounds that

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16
Q

What words usually indicate a conclusion? (15)

A

consequently, therefore, as a result, so, clearly, accordingly, it follows that, we may conclude, it entails, hence, thus, we may infer that, it must be that, it implies that, that is why

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17
Q

What are the steps to answering a logical reasoning question?

A
  1. Identify the question stem
  2. read the stimulus
  3. is it an argument?
  4. if yes, identify premise, conclusion, and context and evaluate argument for any assumptions made
  5. if no, piece together the info
  6. anticipate the answer choices
  7. scan through answers an eliminate any you can
  8. decide between remaining answer choices
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18
Q

The arrow means…

A

“implies”

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19
Q

The slash means…

A

‘not’

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20
Q

The conclusion of an argument is located in the answer choices of the question in what type of questions?

A

most strongly supported questions

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21
Q

In “most strongly supported” questions, the stimulus contains…

A

the premise of the argument

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22
Q

In ‘most strongly supported’ questions, you should be able to look at a sentence from the stimulus and say “_______” conclusion/answer choice

A

therefore

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23
Q

contrapositives are

A

a logically equivalent statement

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24
Q

how can you determine the contrapositive

A

flip and negate both elements

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25
Q

what is a negation?

A

“it is NOT the case that xyz” or “anything that is NOT xyz”

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26
Q

What is a logical indicator?

A

a word that expresses logical relationships

27
Q

What logical indicators are in Group 2? (6)

A

only, only if, only when, only where, always, must

28
Q

How do you translate logical indicators from Group 2?

A

the idea immediately following the indicator becomes the necessary condition (on the right)

29
Q

What logical indicators are in Group 3? (3)

A

unless, until, without

30
Q

How do you translate logical indicators from Group 3?

A

choose either idea and negate it, then make that idea the sufficient condition (on the left)

31
Q

What logical indicators are in Group 4? (5)

A

no, none, not both, never, cannot

32
Q

How do you translate logical indicators from Group 4?

A

choose either idea and negate it, then make it the necessary condition (on the right)

33
Q

When you see the word “OR” on the LSAT, it most likely means…

34
Q

“And/Or” belongs in Group _____

35
Q

What are the 3 different meanings of “or”?

A
  1. and/or – inclusive
  2. either or, but not both – exclusive
  3. and (i.e. faster than x or y)
36
Q

If a sentence contains both a Group 3 and Group 4 word, how do you translate it?

A

follow either the Group 3 or Group 4 rule, but apply a negation to the other indicator

37
Q

When asked to be critical of an argument, what three questions should you ask yourself?

A
  1. What’s the point?
  2. How is it supported?
  3. What’s wrong with that?
38
Q

What three phrases can be used to express a flaw?

A

The author fails to consider that…
The author takes for granted that…
The author falsely assumes that…

39
Q

Explain this concept: A piece does not equal the puzzle

A

you cannot use one part of evidence to justify a conclusion, when it may jut be one piece of a bigger picture.

“just because _____ doesn’t mean ______”

40
Q

Explain this concept: Apples do not equal oranges

A

you cannot transfer/exchange an assumption from one subject to another

41
Q

Explain this concept: 1 + 1 does not equal 3

A

you cannot bring together two ideas to conclude something that those two ideas do not warrant

42
Q

ONLY is in logical indicator Group …

43
Q

ONLY IF is in logical indicator Group …

44
Q

ONLY WHEN is in logical indicator Group …

45
Q

ONLY WHERE is in logical indicator Group …

46
Q

ALWAYS is in logical indicator Group …

47
Q

MUST is in logical indicator Group …

48
Q

UNLESS is in logical indicator Group …

49
Q

UNTIL is in logical indicator Group …

50
Q

WITHOUT is in logical indicator Group …

51
Q

AND/OR is in logical indicator Group …

52
Q

NO is in logical indicator Group …

53
Q

NONE is in logical indicator Group …

54
Q

NOT BOTH is in logical indicator Group …

55
Q

NEVER is in logical indicator Group …

56
Q

CANNOT is in logical indicator Group …

57
Q

IF is in logical indicator Group …

58
Q

WHEN is in logical indicator Group …

59
Q

WHERE is in logical indicator Group …

60
Q

ALL is in logical indicator Group …

61
Q

THE ONLY is in logical indicator Group …

62
Q

EVERY is in logical indicator Group …

63
Q

ANY is in logical indicator Group …

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