LS3 - Types Of LTM

Question 1

3 Types Of LTM

Answer 1

Episodic
Semantic
Procedural

Question 2

Episodic LTM

Answer 2

Gives indivduals an autobiographical record of person experiences e.g. birthdays. It’s influenced by emotion present at the time and the degree of processing e.g. scary, means better remembering.

Question 3

Semantic LTM

Answer 3

All knowledge learned, it’s dependant on the strength of processing - semantic generally better recalled than episodic.

Question 4

Procedural LTM

Answer 4

An implicit memory permitting individuals to perform learned tasks with little conscious retrieval e.g. riding a bike, it’s also involved in language. It doesn’t require conscious thought so people can simultaneously do tasks.

Question 5

Differences Between 3 Types Of LTM

Answer 5

Episodic & semantic are conscious whilst procedural aren’t
Different parts of brain - semantic left prefontal cortex, episodic right prefrontal cortex and procedural cerebellum.

Question 6

Strengths

Answer 6

Case Study Support
Brain Scan Evidence
Real Life Application

Question 7

Weaknesses

Answer 7

Lack Of Generalisation
Case Study Methodology

Question 8

Case Study Support (+)

Answer 8

H.M & Clive both had severely impaired episodic memories but their procedural memories were intact and so were there semantic. Before brain damage H.M. could play and read piano and still could after, this suggests there are different stores in LTM however there is a lack of control.

Question 9

Brain Scan Evidence (+)

Answer 9

Tulving - Participants were asked to perform memory tasks whilst carrying out PET scans and found semantic memory in left prefrontal cortex and episodic in right prefrontal conrtex, this has also been well replicated.

Question 10

Real Life Application (+)

Answer 10

Knowing episodic is a distinct store means it can be targeted in people with specific episodic memory difficulties, it’s been possible to imporve episodic memory in elderly patients with impairement.

Question 11

Lack Of Generalisation (-)

Answer 11

Herlitz assessed LTM abilities in 1000 Swedish people and found females performed better on episodic LTM but there were no gender difference in STM, therefore we must be cautious when making assumptions.

Question 12

Case Study Methodology (-)

Answer 12

Speicifc, and lack of control suggests lack of generalisation.